2014-01-202024-05-17https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/681665摘要：臺灣梅花鹿 (Cervus nippon taiouanus) 為臺灣特有亞種，約於西元1969年在野外絕跡。墾丁國家公園於西元1984年進行臺灣梅花鹿復育計畫，由臺北市立動物園圓山舊址遷入的梅花鹿於社頂復育區，而後又加入少數民間鹿群。因復育之原始族群小（5雄17雌），非源自野外且來源分歧，故保育族群小族群近親衰退與是外來種之基因滲入問題需要被研究與監測。在1999年墾丁國家公園管理處所舉行“臺灣梅花鹿復育成果及展望研討會”（保育研究報告第102號） 提議未來需利用臺灣考古遺址出土生物遺留分析復育梅花鹿是否為原生種，並期待利用微衛星標記(microsatellite markers)分析細胞核之遺傳特徵分析復育梅花鹿族群遺傳結構。當時DNA序列分析技術在當時尚未相當純熟，雖然國內幾位學者曾以粒線體控制區（control region）與細胞色素b部份DNA片段（非全長）進行母系親緣關係分析，加上當時國際GenBank資訊亦尚未建立完整，因此遺傳資訊比對困難。另外，梅花鹿核染色體微衛星遺傳標記當時亦未被建立，遺傳資訊、電腦統計分析不似現今進步、因此無法解決當時所面臨的問題。 現今，無論在分子生物技術、資料庫資訊獲得或分析遺傳族群結構的開發上均有長足進步。粒線體DNA序列之多型性可用以研究物種間或物種內母系類緣關係及基因交流情形。另一方面，細胞核內微衛星DNA標記多型性可探討族群或個體間遺傳關係。本研究團隊（臺大動科所遺傳研究室研究團隊）2007年起與中央研究院史語所合作，證實墾丁國家公園保育臺灣梅花鹿與遺址出土臺灣梅花鹿DNA一致。在族群近親係數與遺傳結構的監控上，本研究團隊藉由今年委託計畫，整合粒線體母系遺傳資訊與11個以上微衛星DNA分子遺傳標記（含性別鑑定染色體遺傳標記）來進一步研究探討與過去在梅花鹿復育中所遭遇的族群遺傳分析上的問題，最後提出復育臺灣梅花鹿族群之遺傳管理的可能計畫。<br> Abstract: Formosan sika deer (Cervus nippon taiouanus) had ever been an endemic subspecies which had extinct in Taiwan in the wild in 1969. A recovery program of Formosan sika deer have executed in Kenting National Park since 1984, and the sika deer came from Yuanshan zoo and private farm. Due to the small foundation population and the source of population were diverse, the inbreeding depression and genetic introgression of non-native species should be investigate and monitor. In the seminar held by Kenting National Park in 1999, the methods that using ancient bio-remains to analysis whether the conservation sika deer is native or not and using microsatellite markers to investigate the population genetic structure of conservation sika deer had suggested. Since the technique of DNA sequence analysis was not skillful enough and the international GeneBank was not completely established, it was hard to align genetic data. In addition, the microsatellite markers of sika deer had not been developed and the statistical analysis of computer was not advanced. Hence, those problems could not be solved then. Nowadays, the molecular biological technique, the genetic database and the analysis of population genetics has great advanced. The polymorphism of mitochontrial DNA sequences can be used to study maternal phylogenetic relationship in one species and gene flow between species. In the other hand, the polymorphism of microsatellite markers in nucleus can investigate genetic the relationship between individuals or populations. Our team (the genetic Lab in the Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University) has cooperated with Institute of history and philology, Academic sinica to confirm the conservation Formosan sika deer in Kenting National Park and the Formosan sika deer from ruins are the same in DNA. In the concern of population inbreeding coefficient and genetic structure, our team will combine the maternal data of mitochondria and at least 11 microsatellite markers to further examine the problems of population genetic had faced in the past, and provide the program of genetic management for conservation Formosan sika deer in the final.微衛星標記台灣梅花鹿族群遺傳動物保育microsatellite markersFormosan sika deerpopulation geneticsanimal conservation