Huang S.-H.Tsai M.-S.Lee C.-Y.Tsai C.-S.Liu C.-E.Lee Y.-T.Chen H.-A.Chen L.-Y.Lu Y.-M.Tsai W.-C.Hsu W.-T.WANG-DA LIUYang C.-J.HSIN-YUN SUNKo W.-C.Lu P.-L.CHIEN-CHING HUNGTaiwan HIV Study Group2020-12-292020-12-2920201935-2727https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087110894&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pntd.0008400&partnerID=40&md5=9d96c8e85336ea54b717d6f3b12ce380https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/535401Recent outbreaks of enterically transmitted infections, including acute hepatitis A and shig-ellosis, have raised the concerns of increasing Entamoeba histolytica infection (EHI) among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Taiwan. This study investigated the prevalence of EHI, its temporal trends, and associated factors among newly diagnosed PLWH in Taiwan. Medical records of newly diagnosed PLWH at six medical centers in Taiwan between 2009 and 2018 were reviewed. The annual prevalence of invasive amoebiasis and seroprevalence of E. his-tolytica were determined and examined by the Cochran-Armitage test. The clinical characteristics associated with invasive amoebiasis and seropositivity for E. histolytica were analyzed in multivariable regression models. Among 5362 patients seeking HIV care at six medical centers in Taiwan during the 10-year study period, 119 (2.2%) had invasive amoebi-asis at the time or within six months of their HIV diagnosis. Among 3499 who had indirect hemagglutination antibody (IHA) determined, 284 (8.1%) had positive IHA (?1:32) and 205 (5.9%) had high-titre IHA (?1:128). The prevalence of invasive amoebiasis increased from 1.3% in 2012 to 3.3% in 2018 (p = 0.024). Invasive amoebiasis was independently associated with a greater age, men who have sex with men, rapid plasma reagin titre ?1:4, and concurrent shigellosis and giardiasis. Increasing prevalence of invasive amoebiasis among newly diagnosed PLWH in Taiwan calls for strategies to prevent ongoing transmission in this population. Routine screening of EHI for early diagnosis and treatment is recommended, especially among men who have sex with men and those who present with other sexually or enterically transmitted infections. ? 2020 Huang et al.[SDGs]SDG3[SDGs]SDG5hemoglobin; hepatitis B surface antigen; protozoon antibody; adult; amebiasis; antibody titer; antiretroviral therapy; Article; CD4 lymphocyte count; colitis; comparative study; cross-sectional study; cryptococcosis; disease control; disease transmission; Entamoeba histolytica; female; follow up; geographic distribution; giardiasis; glucose blood level; hemagglutination; hepatitis A; Hepatitis A virus; hospitalization; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunocompromised patient; liver abscess; lymphocyte count; major clinical study; male; men who have sex with men; mixed infection; multicenter study; pneumocystosis; prevalence; risk factor; screening test; seroprevalence; shigellosis; Taiwan; vaccination; virus load; age; amebiasis; blood; clinical trial; complication; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; male homosexuality; middle aged; seroepidemiology; sexual and gender minority; young adult; Adult; Age Factors; Antibodies, Protozoan; Cross-Sectional Studies; Entamoeba histolytica; Entamoebiasis; Female; HIV Infections; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Taiwan; Young Adultjournal article10.1371/journal.pntd.000840032530918