FUN-IN WANGCHIA-YI CHANGHuang, Chin-ChengChin-ChengHuang2022-11-112022-11-112019https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083513830&doi=10.1002%2f9781119350927.ch46&partnerID=40&md5=239cf7fc8141b3632d42f700d70c8dc8https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/624607The family Togaviridae comprises two genera: Alphavirus and Rubivirus. Based on serological cross-reactivity, alphaviruses are grouped into eight antigenic complexes. Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is in the EEEV complex, and Getah virus (GETV), Sagiyama virus (SAGV), and Ross River virus (RRV) are in the Semliki Forest complex. EEEV is zoonotic and causes encephalitis, fever, drowsiness, and nuchal rigidity in humans. Symptoms may progress to confusion, paralysis, convulsion, and coma. Clinical signs include incoordination, depression, seizure, vomiting, low fever, and mortality. GETV was first reported in swine in 1987 and in newborn piglets exhibiting depression, tremors, yellowishbrown diarrhea, and 100% case mortality. SAGV is considered a variant of GETV, but can be differentiated from GETV by complement fixation due to the presence of the amino acid leucine in the SAGV capsid protein. RRV is regularly transmitted via a human-mosquito- macropod marsupials-mosquito-human cycle. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs provide the best and most effective symptomatic relief. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Capsid protein; Eastern equine encephalitis virus; Getah virus; Ross river virus; Sagiyama virus; Togaviridae[SDGs]SDG3book part10.1002/9781119350927.ch462-s2.0-85083513830