Hack S.P.Spahn J.Chen M.ANN-LII CHENGKaseb A.Kudo M.Lee H.C.Yopp A.Chow P.Qin S.2021-08-312021-08-3120201479-6694https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084721342&doi=10.2217%2ffon-2020-0162&partnerID=40&md5=1e0b7a1488c42f38cb87ab21f0f39721https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/580029Hepatocellular carcinoma recurs in 70-80% of cases following potentially curative resection or ablation and the immune component of the liver microenvironment plays a key role in recurrence. Many immunosuppressive mechanisms implicated in HCC recurrence are modulated by VEGF and/or immune checkpoints such as PD-L1. Atezolizumab (PD-L1 inhibitor) plus bevacizumab (VEGF inhibitor) has been shown to significantly improve overall survival, progression-free survival and overall response rate in unresectable HCC. Dual PD-L1/VEGF blockade may be effective in reducing HCC recurrence by creating a more immune-favorable microenvironment. We describe the rationale and design of IMbrave 050 (NCT04102098), a randomized, open-label, Phase III study comparing atezolizumab plus bevacizumab versus active surveillance in HCC patients at high-risk of recurrence following curative resection or ablation. The primary end point is recurrence-free survival. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT0410209. ? 2020 Stephen P. Hack.Ablation; Adjuvant treatment; Atezolizumab; Bevacizumab; Hepatocellular carcinoma; PD-L1; Recurrence-free survival; Resection; VEGF[SDGs]SDG3atezolizumab; bevacizumab; antineoplastic agent; atezolizumab; bevacizumab; monoclonal antibody; ablation therapy; cancer recurrence; controlled study; high risk patient; human; liver cell carcinoma; liver resection; microwave thermotherapy; multicenter study; overall survival; phase 3 clinical trial; priority journal; progression free survival; radiofrequency ablation; randomized controlled trial; recurrence free survival; Review; study design; catheter ablation; clinical trial; female; liver cell carcinoma; liver resection; liver tumor; male; methodology; mortality; multimodality cancer therapy; postoperative care; retreatment; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bevacizumab; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Catheter Ablation; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Hepatectomy; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Postoperative Care; Research Design; Retreatmentreview10.2217/fon-2020-0162323523202-s2.0-85084721342