薛亞聖臺灣大學:醫療機構管理研究所黃馨嬌Huang, Hsin-ChiaoHsin-ChiaoHuang2007-11-282018-06-292007-11-282018-06-292004http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/60135我國自1999年7月起,由行政院衛生署開始推動「社區健康營造」計畫,希望藉由社區資源的投入及民眾的參與,讓當地民眾來發掘出社區的健康議題,進而產生共識,並建立社區自主照護健康營造機制。由於保健志工是社區健康營造組織中十分重要的一環,擔任非常重要的角色,因此保健志工是否能發揮功能,是社區營造中心成效相當重要的因素,而如何評估志工績效是非常重要的議題。 本研究主要目的是為瞭解及評估花蓮縣各社區健康營造中心保健志工之績效初探研究。針對衛生局提供之保健志工名冊於2004年4月進行全面性的電話調查,問卷內容以自擬的結構問卷為依據,共訪問290位保健志工,有效完訪共計214位,有效完訪率為73.8%。資料分析方法有描述性分析統計、卡方檢定、複迴歸分析及對數迴歸分析。 本研究結果發現參與社區健康營造中心的保健志工以女性 (92.1%)、中年(68.9%)、家庭主婦(49.1%)、佛教(49.1%)、高中(職)(40.2%)、家庭平均收入20001-40000最高(34.6%),招募訊息中以地方機關宣導效果最佳(39.7%),服務年資與推薦人數成正相關。在投入方面:保健志工每月平均服務時數7.5小時,每月平均服務48人次。在工作內容方面:以一般服務(39.4%)與營造中心內部事務(34.2%)為主,居家關懷(20.8%)與居家照護(2.1%)偏低。在滿意度方面:對營造中心(79.3% -「8-10分」)與對其他志工的滿意度表現呈現滿意(76.1%-「8-10分」),對自已滿意度則介於普通與滿意之間(46.0%)。再者,保健志工對自已滿意度與服務時數、志工年齡與平均時數與對營造中心滿意度皆呈現正相關。在參與前後健康行為方面:大部份的志工都有良好健康行為,少數不良健康行為的志工在參加營造中心之後,有改變良好的趨勢。在規勸及鼓勵他人改變行為方面:規勸行為以酗酒行為(73.8%)偏低。在瞭解社區健康問題方面:大部份志工(81.8%)表示瞭解,但大部份無法確實的指出健康問題。 由本研究依據研究結果建議衛生主管機關與後續研究者發展社區健康營造中心保健志工具體的績效指標。另外,社區健康營造中心也需朝向服務多元化、年齡普遍化的發展,以期達到全民參與以及全民均健的目標。In July 1999, the Republic of China’s Department of Health, Executive Yuan, launched the “Health Promoting Community” Program. The Program hopes that by involving its residents and resources, the locals are able to identify health issues in their community, and reach consensus on how to address these issues as well as developing a community-based self managing health building mechanism. The success of the program depends on a number of factors and key among them is the effectiveness of the health promotion volunteers. As the volunteers play a vital role in the community health building structure, the issue of how best to assess their performance has become of great importance. The key objective of this study is to conduct a preliminary evaluation of the performance of the health promotion volunteers at the community health building centers of the Hualien County, Taiwan. Health promotion volunteers registered with the Health Bureau of Hualien County Government were involved in this study. They were interviewed by means of telephone. Of the 290 volunteers interviewed, a total of 214 answered all the questions posed to them, hence, a response rate of 73.8%. Descriptive statistics analysis, Chi-Square test, regression analysis and logistic analysis were used for the statistical analysis. The study found that the bulk of the health promotion volunteers were female (92.1%), homemaker(49.1%), Buddhist(49.1%), age between 41-60 years (68.9%), middle school education level(40.2%), monthly household income of NT$20,001-NT$40,000(34.6%). The local administrative agencies (39.7%) ranked highest among the volunteers in terms of disseminating recruitment information. There was a positive correlation between ‘years of service’ and ‘no of persons the volunteers would recommend to join the service’. The volunteers averaged 7.5 hours per month of volunteering time, and serving 48 persons per month. The types of activities involved by the volunteers were mainly related to the ‘common services’(39.4%)and ‘administrative work’(34.2%) of the community health building center. Only 2.1% and 20.8% of the volunteers were involved in the ‘home care service’ and ‘home visit’, respectively. On the level of satisfaction, 79.3% of the volunteers gave a score of ‘8 points and above’(Very Satisfied)for the overall performance of the community health building center and 75.7% gave the same score range for the performance of their fellow volunteers. As for their own performance, only 46.0% of the volunteers rated them ‘8 and above’. The overall average score was 7.08 points. The level of personal satisfaction and number of hours volunteered were found to be positively correlated. Moreover, positive correlations were also observed between level of satisfaction of the community health building center and the age group of the volunteers as well as the average hours spent on volunteering. On the change of health habits before and after joining the volunteer service, it was found that majority of the volunteers(~90%)already adopted good health habits before joining. Of the minority with bad health habits, most had indicated that they had started moving away from the old habits and changed for the better. On counseling and encouraging others to move away from undesired health habits, the effort put on alcoholism problem was the lowest(73.8%). In the area of health issues faced by the community, 81.8% of the volunteers expressed that they understood the problems. However, they were not able to correctly pinpoint the health issues specifically. The findings in this study could serve as the baseline of all future studies on assessing the performance of health promotion volunteers of the community health building centers. This study also concluded that the community health building centers must diversify their services and activities to meet the needs of different age groups so as to achieve the target of participation of all citizens and ‘Health-for-All’.致謝 Ⅰ 中文摘要 Ⅱ 英文摘要 IV 目錄 VII 表目錄 IX 圖目錄 X 第一章 緒論 第一節 研究背景 1 第二節 研究動機 3 第三節 研究問題及目的 6 第二章 文獻探討 第一節 名詞解釋 7 第二節 營造健康營造 9 第三節 營造健康之方法 20 第四節 保健志工的招募、管理與現況 24 第五節 社區健康營造中心之組織架構 27 第六節 花蓮縣社區健康營造中心 35 第七節 績效評估的理論與方法 38 第八節 本章小結 46 第三章 研究方法 第一節 研究設計 47 第二節 研究架構 51 第三節 操作型定義 52 第四節 研究流程 60 第五節 資料分析方法 61 第四章 研究結果 第一節 樣本特性描述分析 62 第二節 進一步之描述性分析 92 第三節 雙變項分析 94 第四節 多變項分析 101 第五節 本章小結 114 第五章 研究討論 117 第六章 研究結論與建議 第一節 研究結論 125 第二節 研究限制 128 第三節 研究建議 129 參考文獻 中文部份 132 英文部份 135 國內網站 137 國外網站 138 附錄 附件一 139 表目錄 表2-2.1 健康城市的發展史 10 表2-2.2 台灣社區發展精神的政策 16 表2-2.3 台灣各部會之社區營造工作項目與內容 17 表2-5.1 民間社團的分類 34 表2-6.1 花蓮縣社區健康營造中心之設立時間 37 表2-6.2 花蓮縣部落健康營造中心之設立時間 37 表2-7.1 組織績效衡量準則表 39 表2-7.2 近年台灣地區志願服務時數統計資料 45 表3-1.1 問卷完成數統計 48 表3-3.1 自變項操作型定義與編碼說明表 52 表4-1.1 樣本之分佈與母體差異代表性 62 表4-1.2 樣本基本資料分佈 63 表4-1.3 志工參與社區健康營造中心經驗認知與態度之描述分析 68 表4-1.4 志工投入程度之描述分析 72 表4-1.5 志工本身健康行為改變情形之描述分析 79 表4-1.6 志工協助民眾執行健康促進行為之情形描述分析 85 表4-1.7 志工轉介情形及其他之描述分析 87 表4-2.1 樣本與母體人口數之鄉鎮比 92 表4-2.2 現任志工流動情形 93 表4-3.1 志工年資與協助工作內容之相關性 94 表4-3.2 志工年資與相關行為之相關性 96 表4-3.3 營造中心之地區別與協助工作內容之相關性 98 表4-3.4 營造中心之地區別與規勸行為之相關性 100 表4-4.1 志工每月平均時數之迴歸分析 101 表4-4.2 志工每月服務人次之迴歸分析 103 表4-4.3 對營造中心滿意度之迴歸分析 105 表4-4.4 對自己擔任志工滿意度之迴歸分析 107 表4-4.5 對他人擔任志工滿意度之迴歸分析 109 表4-4.6 推薦他人擔任志工人數之迴歸分析 110 表4-4.7 是否瞭解社區問題之對數迴歸分析 112 表5-1 國內外志工每月平均時數相較一覽表 119 表5-2 各社區健康營造中心協助的工作內容 121 表5-3 拒訪數分佈情形 124 圖目錄 圖2-3.1 公元2000年健康社區標準模式 23 圖2-5.1 衛生行政體系圖 27 圖2-5.2 社區健康營造中心與衛生單位關係圖 29 圖2-5.3 營造中心之組織架構圖 30 圖2-5.4 推動委員會之架構圖 32 圖2-6.1 花蓮縣地理分佈圖 35 圖3-2.1 研究架構圖 51 圖3-4.1 研究流程 60 圖4-1.1 志工每月平均服務時數之分佈 73 圖4-1.2 志工每月平均交通時間之分佈 73 圖4-1.3 志工每月平均服務人次之分佈 74 圖4-1.4 對營造中心滿意度之分佈 74 圖4-1.5 對自己擔任志工滿意度之分佈 75 圖4-1.6 對他人擔任志工滿意度之分佈 75 圖4-1.7 推薦他人擔任志工之分佈 76792834 bytesapplication/pdfen-US保健志工社區健康營造績效Health Promotion VolunteerPerformance.Health Promoting Community[SDGs]SDG3社區健康營造中心保健志工績效評估之研究-以花蓮縣為例The Performance Evaluation of Health Promotion Volunteers for Healthy Community Building – Hualien County, Taiwan as an Examplethesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/60135/1/ntu-93-P91843015-1.pdf