指導教授:曾惠斌臺灣大學:土木工程學研究所劉逸婕Liu, Yi-ChiehYi-ChiehLiu2014-11-252018-07-092014-11-252018-07-092014http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/260741基於政府的財力與能力有限,另一方面又受到全球自由競爭的催化,BOT(Build-Operate-Transfer)模式已成為各國政府推動公共建設主要方式之一,透過民間企業的資金與經營績效,改善公共工程品質。BOT計畫最重要的就是龐大財務資金的問題,必須完全由特許公司負責,現行民間機構參與公共建設之籌資方式,除了自有資金外,多會以專案融資的方式向銀行取得融資貸款,資金缺乏流動性與多樣性。而專案融資與資產證券化同為結構性融資的一種,當具備能預期產生穩定現金流的資產,即具有資產證券化的可行性,於是BOT計畫能以專案融資取得資金,則對於資產證券化應也有相當程度的適用基礎。 在現今全球金融市場積極開發創新金融產品的時代,本研究期望以新的資金管道-資產證券化,支應BOT計畫民間機構的資金需求。BOT計畫採用資產證券化,乃分別結合兩者之特性,由政府主辦單位出讓特許經營權予民間機構,達到公共建設健全發展的目的,而民間機構再出讓其資產未來之收益權予投資人,以達到融資之目的。然而資產證券化與BOT各有其法律制度、理論與架構,故將兩者結合時勢必會存在衝突與競合之議題。於是本研究便探討其中之衝突、市場應用可能面臨的問題及相關配套措施或對策,進而整理出適用於我國制度下,BOT計畫辦理證券化資產證券化之可行架構。 研究結果顯示,BOT計畫應用資產證券化在法律上,不論是辦理金融資產證券化或不動產證券化皆為可行,只是其中對標的、證券化上限等條件充滿諸多限制,因此要採用何種證券化模式,端看民間機構是否有相關需求,必須考慮不同模式的不同限制條件,而資產證券化是否為當下最具競爭力、最具效益的融資工具?基本上,因為金融資產進行信託移轉相較於不動產單純,故建議民間機構可優先考慮辦理金融資產證券化。另外, BOT計畫採用資產證券化,必須用相關的手段機制確保民間機構依舊保有政府給予之特許經營權;並且須建立完善的監督、防範機制設計,以預防民間機構道德風險之發生。 本研究經由財務試算也驗證,當BOT計畫辦理金融資產證券化時,因為大筆現金於前期流入,因此可以提高計畫之淨現值、內部報酬率、自償率,優化各財務分析指標。除了財務績效外,對民間機構劇最大的效益,更是因為回收的現金可用做不同的融資投資決策,可支應民間機構對於資金的應急需求,將移轉、流通與變現不易的資產變現,增加資產流動性。Due to the limited financial rescources of the government and the catalysis of global free contention, BOT model has become a major solution for the governments to develop infrastructures. With the capital and the efficiency of private sector, BOT model can not only relieve the financial burden of the government, but also improve the quality and the performance of the infrastructure. The most important issue in a BOT project is the huge capital and that the concessionaire should be in charge of financing. Generally, in addition to own funds, private sector would seek for bank-loans in the form of project finance. However, the capital funding still lacks of liquidity and diversity. As project finance and asset securitization are both structured finance, when the assets of the project can be expected to have stable cash flows, such assets are feasible to be securitized. That is to say, since a BOT project can obtain funds by project finance due to projected cash flow, then asset securitization should also be applicable to this project. Since the global financial markets are aggresively developing innovative financial instruments, this research expects to introduce a new financial practice – asset securitization, to fulfill the capital requirements of the private sector in a BOT project. BOT project adopting asset securitization combines the characteristics of each. Government grants the concession to the private sector, and the private sector grants the income rights to the public investors. However, asset securitization and BOT model has its own legal system, theory and schema, so there must be conflicts and discords while combining. This research is to study those conflicts and to discuss important issues. And then to generalize feasible structures for BOT project to adopt asset securitization in the system of Taiwan. The results show that it is feasible in law for BOT project to implement “financial asset securitization” or “real estate securitization”. However there are lots of restrictions for securitized subjects and amount. Therefore which securitization model should be adopted depends on the relevant requirements of the private sector. Different restrictions for different models should be taken into consideration, to see whether asset securitization is the most competitive and efficient financing instrument at that time. Basically, it’s simpler for financial assets to be transferred to the Trust than real estate, thus it’s suggested that the private sector could give priority to adopting “financial asset securitization”. And, relevant measures and mechanism must be taken to ensure that the private sector still owns the concession granted by the government. Also the government should establish supervision and prevention mechanisms to prevent the moral hazard of private sector. Through a financial calculation, this research also verify that when a BOT project adopts financial asset securitization, large cash inflows in the early stage and the net present value, the internal return rate and the self-liquidation ratio of the project can all be improved. In addition to financial performance, the greatest benefit of securitization for the private sector is that the recovery cash could be used for other financing or investment decisions. The emergency needs for funds can be accomplished.#口試委員審定書 誌謝 i 摘要 iii Abstract v 目錄 vii 圖目錄 xi 表目錄 xiii 附錄目錄 xv 第1章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 研究目的 3 1.3 研究範圍與限制 4 1.4 研究流程 5 第2章 資產證券化之理論基礎 7 2.1 金融資產證券化 8 2.1.1 概念與內涵 8 2.1.2 架構與流程 8 2.1.3 金融資產證券化之特徵、功能與優點 10 2.1.4 信用增強機制 13 2.2 不動產證券化 15 2.2.1 概念與內涵 15 2.2.2 台灣的分類架構與流程 16 2.2.3 開發型不動產 18 2.2.4 不動產證券化之特徵、功能與優點 19 2.2.5 信託基金之形態 21 2.3 小結 21 第3章 BOT之理論基礎 23 3.1 發展與沿革 23 3.2 BOT模式的定義 24 3.3 BOT模式之基本架構 25 3.4 BOT模式衍生之民間參與公共工程模式 27 3.5 BOT模式的功能與優點 29 3.6 BOT計畫成功之重要因素 31 3.7 BOT計畫之融資方式 33 3.7.1 股權融資 33 3.7.2 債權融資 33 3.8 促參法令融資協助 36 3.9 小結 37 第4章 BOT計畫與資產證券化之結合 39 4.1 相關文獻回顧 40 4.2 BOT計畫辦理資產證券化之優點 41 4.3 BOT計畫辦理資產證券化之必要性 42 4.4 BOT計畫辦理資產證券化之標的 45 4.4.1 金融資產證券化之標的 45 4.4.2 不動產證券化之標的 47 4.4.3 開發型不動產證券化之標的 47 4.5 適法性與重要議題探討 49 4.5.1 民間機構是否准予運用證券化機制並擔任創始機構 49 4.5.2 資產之信託移轉與促參法第51條 50 4.5.3 民間機構必須保有其特許權 53 4.5.4 不動產證券化之產權不得設定抵押 55 4.6 營運期限問題與還本爭議 56 4.7 道德風險之預防策略 59 4.7.1 案件公益性大小 60 4.7.2 開發型不動產證券化之限制 61 4.7.3 明確限制受託機構需委託民間機構自行擔任不動產管理機構 63 4.7.4 限制BOT計畫可採不動產證券化的比例上限, 64 4.7.5 信用增強機制 64 4.8 BOT計畫主辦機關與金管會之分工 65 4.9 小結 66 第5章 BOT計畫辦理證券化之架構 67 5.1 國內外BOT計畫證券化案例探討 67 5.1.1 中國:隧道股份BOT項目專項資產管理計畫 69 5.1.2 中國:浦東建設BT項目專項資產管理計畫 72 5.1.3 美國:紐約州奧內達加郡垃圾焚化處理廠DBFO案證券化 74 5.1.4 臺北市政府市有公用土地地上權部分租賃債權證券化 77 5.1.5 富邦一號、二號不動產投資信託投資地上權之中崙大樓 79 5.2 BOT計畫辦理證券化可行之架構 83 5.2.1 資產證券化模式 83 5.2.2 證券化資產規模 86 5.2.3 證券化之支付架構 87 5.2.4 資產組合 87 5.2.5 證券化時機 88 5.3 小結 90 第6章 BOT計畫案例之財務操作 93 6.1 案例背景 94 6.1.1 案例選擇 94 6.1.2 案例內容 94 6.1.3 興建規劃 95 6.2 財務參數與基本假設 95 6.2.1 計算假設參數 95 6.2.2 計畫財務成本 97 6.2.3 計畫財務收益 98 6.2.4 融資規劃 98 6.2.5 財務計畫 100 6.3 資產證券化架構 100 6.3.1 資產證券化模式擬定 100 6.3.2 資產證券化架構 101 6.3.3 分券設計 102 6.3.4 證券化情境 104 6.3.5 發行成本 104 6.4 投資效益分析 105 6.4.1 現金流量 105 6.4.2 分析方法 106 6.4.3 試算結果 108 6.5 小結 111 第7章 結論與建議 113 第8章 參考文獻 119 附錄 1259367785 bytesapplication/pdf論文公開時間:2016/08/12論文使用權限:同意有償授權(權利金給回饋學校)BOTPPP促參金融資產證券化不動產證券化專案融資BOT計畫以資產證券化融資之初步研究-以民間機構之觀點討論A Pilot Study of Asset Securitization Financing for BOT Projects - In the View of the Private Sectorthesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/260741/1/ntu-103-R01521705-1.pdf