2015-02-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/705518摘要：生物多樣性雖提供人類社會多方面之效益，但我們對其了解仍有限，保育決策依賴生物多樣性調查所收集之資訊，然而調查成本普遍高昂，因此，此研究計劃之目的，即為開發有效之「植物多樣性快速評估法」Rapid Biodiversity Assessment（RBA）以克服現有之挑戰。其中三個具體目標為：一）比較常見取樣法於評估植物多樣性之效率，二）修改並測試融入專業知識之「植物多樣性Timed Meandered Search (TMS)取樣法」不足之處，三）開發「Probability Proportional to Prediction (3P)取樣法」於評估植物多樣性之運用。 此研究計劃規劃為三年之計劃。第一年，利用計算機模擬，比較288種取樣法之組合於評估植物多樣性之效率。所使用之數據來自於台灣、巴拿馬及馬來西亞的三個大小介於25至50公頃之間的永久樣方。模擬之結果將引導第二年實地測試之規劃。實地測試亦著重於TMS和3P取樣法之評估。測試地點為國立台灣大學實驗林不同海拔之森林地。第三年，綜合研究成果，開發此研究計劃之核心產品「森林資源取樣法模擬軟件」Forest Inventory Simulator (FIS)。FIS為學術研究、教育與產業應用之平台，將以開放源程式編輯，及提供雲端計算服務。 此計劃將貢獻範圍甚廣。所開發之RBA可輔助台灣全國保育之政策，亦可增進熱帶森林之植物多樣性之知識。此外，RBA可成為產業評估其保育生物多樣性政策之標準工具。<br> Abstract: It is generally accepted that biodiversity provides multifaceted benefits to human society, but our knowledge is still incomplete. Taiwan is a major biodiversity hotspot with more than four thousand plant species and a high level of endemism. Thus, understanding its biodiversity composition and function helps conserving this precious resource. Biodiversity inventories collect information for decision making in conservation and management; however, they are costly to implement. Rapid Biodiversity Assessment (RBA) method is developed to overcome this challenge. Thus, the overarching goal of this project is development of sampling designs that are efficient in rapid assessment of vascular plant diversity across forest types. An efficient design is one that reflects ground vegetation structures and maximizes species obtained per unit effort. This project has three specific objectives. Comparative studies of common sampling designs such as fixed area plot and angle count in sampling biodiversity has not been progressive in many forest types. Thus, the first objective is comparing efficiency of these sampling designs in assessing biodiversity in a forest area. Expert and local knowledge is increasingly recognized to benefit biodiversity surveys. Two sampling designs that particularly incorporate expert knowledge are Timed Meandered Search procedure (TMS) and Probability Proportional to Prediction (3P) sampling. The second objective is modifying the TMS to account for its sampling issues such as non-probabilistic design. The third objective is adapting 3P sampling, which have traditionally been used in timber assessment, for assessing plant diversity. This project is implemented in three stages over three years. The first stage in the first year is comparative computer simulation study of 288 combinations of plot design, sampling design and sample size. The data used in the simulation are from three 25 to 50 ha census plots in Taiwan, Panama and Malaysia. All trees in the plots with diameter &#8805; 1 cm were measured and mapped. The simulation study identifies sampling designs that are efficient in collecting biodiversity information in tropical and temperate forests. The field assessment in the second year incorporates results from the simulation but focuses on field implementation of TMS and 3P sampling. The assessment is planned at the National Taiwan University Experimental Forest in three forest types of different elevations: Ficus-Machilus, Quercus and Tsuga-Picea forests. The field study complements the simulation study in achieving holistic understanding of the developed RBA methods. The third year integrates all effort into a core product, the Forest Inventory Simulator (FIS) software. FIS is a platform for academic research, education and industrial application. It will be an open source software with a friendly graphical user interface and will be hosted on a cloud service. This project contributes significantly to different forest regions in the world and wide ranging sectors. In Taiwan, the developed RBA methods can assist formulation of country wide conservation policy. They can advance our understanding of biodiversity in tropical forests. Recently, multinational commodity companies are transforming their raw material sourcing policies towards sustainability. Thus, RBA methods can be used as standard tools for implementing their policies.多樣性快速評估法森林資源調查取樣法效率取樣法模擬3P取樣法植物多樣性專業知識rapid biodiversity assessmentforest resource inventorysampling efficiencysampling simulation3P samplingplant diversityexpert knowledge