2018-10-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/706862摘要：葡萄皮爾斯病 (Pierce`s disease) 病原菌 Xylella fastidiosa 依賴多種葉蟬與沫蟬傳播，危害許多重要的經濟作物 (如柑橘、咖啡、葡萄、橄欖等)，在美洲與歐洲造成非常嚴重的農損災情。臺灣於 2002 年首度發現葡萄皮爾斯病，是亞洲發現 X. fastidiosa 的首例。目前已經鑑定出臺灣的 X. fastidiosa 菌株與美國之皮爾斯病菌株有 99~100% 的相似度。也有一些傳播試驗證實兩種大葉蟬與一種沫蟬可能是皮爾斯病的媒介昆蟲。過去國內已有的研究成果著眼於媒介昆蟲的確認、病原及媒介昆蟲的生態、傳播現象的探討，還未進一步探討病原與替代寄主植物之間、病原與病媒昆蟲之間的交互關係。這個研究計畫的主要目的是：(1) 透過基因體 (genome) 序列分析與族群遺傳結構研究，暸解 X. fastidiosa 的遺傳多樣性；(2) 利用傳播試驗檢測本土媒介昆蟲傳播 X. fastidiosa 的傳播特性與釐清替代寄主植物在皮爾斯病的傳播所扮演的角色；(3) 利用顯微解剖解析X. fastidiosa 與本土媒介昆蟲的交互關係。希望透過這個計畫可以更加了解臺灣本土媒介昆蟲與替代寄主植物於葡萄皮爾斯病的流行所扮演的角色，以及進一步分析 X. fastidiosa、媒介昆蟲與替代寄主植物之間的交互關係。詳細了解這三者之間的交互關係，或許可以協助我們發展新穎的防治策略，保護農作物免於受到 X. fastidiosa 的危害。<br> Abstract: Xylella fastidiosa, a pathogen of Pierce`s disease, relies on several leafhopper and froghopper species for its transmission. It infects many important economic crops (such as citrus, coffee, grapes, olives, etc.) and has caused very serious damages in the Americas and Europe. Pierce disease was first found in Taiwan in 2002, and it was the first field case of X. fastidiosa in Asia. Taiwanese strains of X. fastidiosa have 99-100% similarity with the strains of the United States. Two leafhoppers and a froghopper were identified as potential vectors of Pierce disease by transmission experiments. The research results in the past have focused on the confirmation of vectors, the ecology of the pathogen and vectors, and vector transmission, and it has not yet further investigated the interaction between pathogen and alternative host plants, pathogen and vectors. The objectives of the proposed research are to: (1) study the genetic diversity of X. fastidiosa through genome and population genetic structure analyses, (2) clarify the transmission characteristics of native vectors and the role of alternative host plants in the epidemic of Pierce`s disease by transmission experiments, and (3) study the interaction between X. fastidiosa and native vectors through microscopic dissection experiments. It is hoped that the proposed research will provide a better understanding of the role of native vectors and alternative host plants in the epidemic of Pierce`s disease, and further analyze the interrelationships among X. fastidiosa, vectors, and alternative host plants. Detailed knowledge of the interrelationship among these three components may help us develop novel strategies to protect crops from the infection of X. fastidiosa.寄主植物遺傳多樣性基因體病媒傳播Xylella fastidiosahost plantgenetic diversitygenomevector transmissionXylella fastidiosa