許添本Hsu, Tien-Pen臺灣大學:土木工程學研究所鄒忠強Chou, Chung-ChiangChung-ChiangChou2010-06-302018-07-092010-06-302018-07-092008U0001-2807200814393300http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/187675鑒於交通部運研所最近實施的「親和性指示標誌更新計畫」，欲將台灣道路指示標誌做一改變，將原有的表格式指示標誌更新為分叉式指示標誌。目前已在台北縣淡水一帶的台二線與台二乙線路段設置分叉式指示標誌，但在更新時並未有任何的研究與實驗依據，而兩種型式之牌面差異為何？我們不得而知，如此必定會衍生一些交通問題。究竟何者能有效傳遞訊息？究竟兩者間在不同情況下明視距離及設置位置的差異乃是本研究的重點。據2007年臺北市交通事故特性分析報告指出，2007年間因為交通事故而死亡的人數為94人，其中機車占52.1%，為車種中最高。特別值得注意的是，29歲以下的死亡人數佔59.2%，因此實驗中以年輕機車駕駛人為研究對象。近年來，由於科技日新月異，在電腦軟體及螢幕的精進下，透過3D模擬軟體的製作，已經可使實驗環境與現實環境相當逼真，故本研究將利用電腦視覺模擬的方式，建構一虛擬道路場景，進行視覺模擬實驗。經由一連串的模擬影像校正及標誌放大的實驗後，建立一貼近現實的模擬道路場景。究結果顯示，當速率與地名資訊數增加，皆會使分叉式及表格式指示標誌明視距離降低，表格式降低幅度較大；而設置位置以右方懸掛能提供較長的明視距離，但在統計上並不顯著。分叉式指示標誌所能提供的明視距離約高於表格式10%~25%之多，能多給予機車駕駛人0.4秒~2.83秒的決策反應時間。後在標誌設置位置部分，利用實驗所得之數據套用標誌設置位置公式，發現傳統表格式指示標誌的設置位置略顯不足，而分叉式指示標誌則符合現有設置標準。According to the new plan called “the affinity guidance sign renewal plan” which was implemented by the Institute of Transportation of MOTC, they want to change the road signs from traditional stack type signs to map type signs. The new map type signs have already been set on Province highway No.2 and 2-second. But there is not any experiment and research about it. We can’t know what deference between two signs in the real world. It must bring another traffic problem. Which one can provide motor drivers further legibility distance? Therefore, the objectives of study focus on the difference of position of setting and legibility distance in various situations. ccording to the statistics of traffic accident characteristics of Taipei in 2007, it showed 94 people died from traffic accidents; the motorcycle was the highest (52.1%) of all. People under 29 years old were nearly 59.2% of all accidents. So our experiment will focus on young motorcycle drivers. Owing to the faster and faster progressive technology, the image of computers and screens are more and more real. This experiment will use computers to establish a visual simulation environment. After a series calibration of sign and validation on legibility distance of sign, the more real traffic visual simulation was established. he result showed that when the velocity and the geographical name information number increases, the legibility distance of stack type and map type signs would decrease. But the stack type sign would be more than the map type sign. In the position of installation, the right hanging could provide further legibility distance for two signs, although it was not statistically remarkable. The map type sign could provide additional 10%~25% legibility distance to young motorcycle drivers. And it increased 0.4 seconds to 2.83 seconds than stack type one for young motorcycle drivers.inally, we use a traditional sign position formula to calculate sign position. The result showed that the stack type sign couldn’t provide enough legibility distance by using existing standard. The map type sign is applicable.目錄……………………………………………………………………一目錄…………………………………………………………………三目錄…………………………………………………………………五一章 緒論 1.1 研究背景 1.2 研究目的 2.3 研究方法 3.4 研究內容與範圍 4.5 研究流程 6二章 文獻回顧 8.1 指示標誌設置回顧 8.2 駕駛人視覺特性行為及特性探討 16.2.1 駕駛人視覺行為 16.2.2 駕駛人視覺特性 17.3 影響指示標誌可視性因子探討 20.4 跟車模式 21.5 視覺模擬與交通 26.5.1 虛擬實境與視覺模擬 26.5.2 視覺模擬應用於交通之領域 27.5.3 視覺模擬校估與驗證 31.6 本章小結 34三章 視覺模擬實驗場景建立 36.1實驗目的 36.2實驗設計流程 36.3實驗場景軟硬體簡介 38.3.1硬體 38.3.2軟體 38.4實驗物件設計 43.4.1物件建立流程 44.4.2物件行為模式 45.4.3物件介紹 50.5 實驗變因 51.6實驗場景之建立 53.7實驗程序 57.7.1實驗對象 57.7.2實驗流程 57.7.3實驗現場硬體佈設 59.7.4實驗假設與限制 60四章 視覺模擬驗證與明視距離校正 61.1 模擬影像校正實驗 61.1.1影像校正之程序 61.1.2影像校正實驗流程 64.1.3實驗資料分析 66.2標誌放大實驗 68.2.1標誌放大實驗程序 68.2.2 模擬影像校正實驗結果分析 69.3視覺模擬場景主觀問卷驗證 73.4本章小結 76五章 實驗數據分析 77.1有車流環境 77.2 無車流環境 87.3 綜合整理分析 96.4 指示標誌現況探討 103.4.1 決策反應時間 103.4.2 指示標誌距離設置距離探討 105六章 結論與建議 108.1結論 108.2建議 109考文獻 1113163177 bytesapplication/pdfen-US指示標誌視覺模擬虛擬實境明視距離機車guidance signvisual simulationvirtual realitymotorcycle[SDGs]SDG3[SDGs]SDG11thesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/187675/1/ntu-97-R95521519-1.pdf