2020-08-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/710254摘要：外銷導向的農業發展政策，最近幾年來被視為是解決國內糧食生產過剩、提升臺灣 農民收入以及振興農村發展的重要策略。過去解釋全球農糧外銷市場的成形，大部 份基於全球商品鏈或價值鏈的理論架構。這些「鏈」的理論的文獻，大部份聚焦在 產業升級(upgrading)及廠商間的治理(inter-firm governance)。透過這些鏈的理論 視角，有助於理解一個國家的發展路徑，是如何受到鏈內價值分配的影響，並透過 產業升級的概念分析，鏈理論希望能夠提供一個具體的經濟發展分析工具。雖然鏈 理論概念超越早期帶有結構馬克思主義色彩的政治經濟學觀點，具體從特定「商品 」著手以揭露全球農糧市場的高度複雜性，但大部份的研究偏好追溯特定社會或地 域的人事物，如何成功整合到全球商品流通的過程。據此，許多研究者近年來認為 商品鏈論點有嚴重的「整合偏見」(inclusion bias)，此研究偏見忽視了資本主義具 有不均發展的內在特質:當某個特定的社會空間成功參與進(articulated)全球商品 分工中，意謂著其他地區的去連結(disconnected)或被逐出生產分工當中。為了理 解全球商品的去/連結(dis/articulations)過程，晚近許多學者開始聚焦在下列這些研 究問題上:什麼樣的社會條件允許商品生產網絡浮現?不同的行動者(包含非人行 動者)如何組織並維持鏈的存在?如何克服各種社會技術問題?連結/去連結的過程 又對於一地的社會或是日常生活實踐，造成什麼樣的影響?透過晚近經濟化及市場 化的理論架構，本研究計畫嘗試以台灣的香蕉及豬肉市場之連結/去連結，來回答 這些研究問題。計劃聚焦在:一、不同的行動者 (在地農民及合作社經理、外貿代 理人、政府防疫單位、屠檢獸醫、蕉苗研究單位、進出口貿易商、檢驗機構等)如 何建構並維持全球香蕉/豬肉生產網絡;二、面臨危機時各個行動者如何動員解決 問題。本計劃期望透過四年期的人類學參與式田野、半結構式訪談及二手資料分析 來理解上述這些問題。<br> Abstract: Drawing inspiration from the approach to globalization of global commodity chains (GCC), global value chains (GVC), and global production networks, agrarian scholars have sought to unveil the complexities of the global agri-food economy. These chain theoretical constructs have offered crucial insight into the understanding of how firms, households, places, and institutions are strategically incorporated in global commodity circuits. While chain approaches increasingly place more weight on ‘social upgrading’ and labor struggle, the existing chain literature suffered from `inclusionary bias`, which narrowly focuses its attention on the incorporation of territories and people into global commodity circuits. Less attention has been given to how the export market or global economic connections came into being, how they are gathered together by variegated actors, and how these connections are secured and maintained in the face of tension. Some critical commentators thus suggest that more emphasis needs to be put on the processes of exclusion from global commodity production networks or on the complex processes of dis/articulations. To bridge this conceptual gap, this research project takes inspiration from the so-called `performativity program’ or ‘social studies of economization and marketization’, which share with the dis/articulation approach an emphasis on the social practices by which market orders emerge or disrupt, to examine the (re)assemblage of the pork/banana export markets in Taiwan. The purpose of this project is to explore the ways in which farmers, research agencies, clinic experts, agri-business enterprises, and governmental agencies are assembled in response to agri-food globalization as well as animal and plant diseases. The market, like all other scientific facts, is the result of particular conditions and needs to be intervened in, maintained, and worked on. This project involves conducting a three-year anthropological study in Yunlin, Pingtung, and Nantou Counties, and semi-structured interviews with agri-food engineers, epidemiologists, resident vets, abattoir owners, and so forth. In addition to intellectual contribution, this project also aims at understanding (1) how farmer organizations, agribusiness enterprises, vets, lab scientists, and modes of production transformed as they are increasingly (re)assembled into export markets; (2) the ways in which actors deal with globalizing production networks and animal and plant diseases that give rise to new socio-technical innovation, and (3) the impacts of new socio-technical innovation and epidemical knowledge on agrarian society in Taiwan.香蕉豬肉農糧外銷市場全球商品鏈展演性動植物疾病BananaPorkAgri-food Export MarketGlobal Commodity ChainPerformativityAnimal/Plant Disease