呂理平臺灣大學：化學工程學研究所郭信奇Kuo, Hsin-ChiHsin-ChiKuo2007-11-262018-06-282007-11-262018-06-282006http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/52329本實驗使用高7m、內徑0.108m之循環式流體化床，以平均粒徑173μm、密度為2547kg/m3之砂為床體粒子，並以空氣為氣相。利用氣體速度和固體循環量兩個操作變數，來界定循環式流體化床中快速流體化區域的操作範圍，並以壓力探針量測上升床中相對與絕對壓力擾動訊號，與經由小波分析方法得到的小波能量分布圖來討論不同流態的特徵。 在固定固體循環量下，逐漸地提升氣速，由快速流體化流態進入稀相輸送之流域轉變，以床中上、下各段的壓力梯度約相等的氣體流速Uc2作為快速流體化流態與稀相輸送的轉換速度。在固定氣體速度下，逐漸地增加固體循環量，當床內底部壓力梯度不隨固體循環量的增加而改變時，此為快速流體化流態與紊流流體化流態間的臨界固體循環量。 對壓力擾動信號做小波分析後，發現於稀相輸送，主要的能量坐落於D1和D2；於快速流體化，能量以D8與A8為主；於紊流流體化，能量則以D6與D7最重要。且可由E1D+E2D的曲線轉折點找到Uc1值，由E6D+E7D和 E8D+E8A的曲線交點找到Uc2值。但是當量測位置過高 (z=85cm)時，則無法由E6D+E7D和 E8D+E8A的曲線交點找到Uc2值。The transition velocities Uc1 and Uc2, bounding the turbulent, fast fluidization, and dilute phase convey flow regimes, were investigated by the tranditional and wavelet analysis on instantaneous pressure signals in a circulating fluidized bed (0.108m i.d. × 7m height) for Geldart group B powder (sand; =173μm, =2547kg/m3). The solid mass flow rate was measured by an impact-line solid flow meter and was controlled by a 80.7mm-i.d. L-valve. From the traditional method, the transition velocity Uc2, discriminated the dilute phase convey and fast fluidization, was determined as the velocity at which the pressure gradients measured from the top (z=435-455cm) and the bottom (z=35-55cm) regions of the riser were almost equal. The transition velocity Uc1, discriminated the fast fluidization and turbulent fluidization, was determined as the velocity at which the maximum pressure gradient at the bottom and the saturation carry capacity of solids (Gs*) were approached. By means of the multi-resolution analysis of wavelet tramsform, we obtained the wavelet energy distribution profiles of absolute and differential pressure fluctuations in the three flow regimes. In dilute phase convey regime, the energy distribution was dominated by detail signals D1 and D2; in fast fluidization regime, the detail signals D8 and A8 became relative significant; and in turbulent flow regime, the detail signals D6 and D7 played the important role with relative high energy content. In this case, the Uc1 was easily detected by the corresponding solid circulation flux at which a turning point of the energy curve of (E1D+E2D) was found, while the Uc2 was approximately detected by the intersection point of the energy curves of (E6D+E7D) and (E8D+E8A). Furthermore, the Uc1 and Uc2 were also determined at different heights above the distributor (z=35, 45, 55 and 85cm) in the riser. The result showed that no intersection of (E6D+E7D) and (E8D+E8A) was found at the height z=85cm.中文摘要 I Abstract II 目錄 IV 圖表索引 VI 一､緒論 - 1 - 1-1. 前言 - 1 - 1-2. 循環式流體化床的應用及發展 - 2 - 1-3. 研究目的 - 7 - 二、文獻回顧 - 8 - 2-1. 由氣泡流體化轉變成快速流體化之情形 - 8 - 2-2. 快速流體化床的流態轉變情形 - 10 - 2-3. 小波分析與信號處理 - 18 - 2-3.1. 小波 (wavelet)轉換與傅立葉 (Fourier)轉換的比較- 18 - 2-3.2. 小波的特點 - 20 - 2-3.3. 小波分析於化工上之應用 - 22 - 三、實驗裝置與步驟 - 24 - 3-1. 循環式流體化床裝置 - 24 - 3-2. 循環式流體化床中快速流體化流域界定之實驗 - 31 - 3-3. 循環式流體化床固體控制元件之操作 - 32 - 3-4. 數據分析 - 35 - 3-4.1. 小波變換的定義 - 35 - 3-4.2. 小波分析函數 - 35 - 3-4.3. 小波的多分辨率分析 (multu-resolution analysis)- 36 - 3-5. 實驗固體粒子性質 - 38 - 四、結果與討論 - 41 - 4-1. 快速流體化區域的界定 - 41 - 4-1.1. 快速流體化區域與稀相輸送區域之間的轉換速度界定- 41 - 4-1.2. 快速流體化區域與紊流流體化區域間的轉換速度界定- 43 - 4-2. 探討床內軸向空隙率分布 - 51 - 4-3. 快速流體化流域的小波分析 - 59 - 4-3.1. 雙點間壓力擾動之小波分析 - 61 - 4-3.1.1. 上升床頂部與底部雙點壓力擾動 - 61 - 4-3.1.2. 分散板上方與下方間雙點壓力擾動 - 68 - 4-3.2. 單點壓力擾動之小波分析 - 73 - 五、結論 - 88 - 六、符號說明 - 90 - 七、參考文獻 - 94 - 八、附錄 - 98 - 附錄A. 衝擊式固體流量計操作原理說明 - 98 - 附錄B. 衝擊式固體流量計校正說明 - 100 - 附錄C. 衝擊式固體流量計校正線 - 101 - 附錄D. Labview數據截取程式 - 102 - 附錄E. S-PLUS程式 - 104 -en-US小波waveletthesis