Nurbolat IssatayevKazna TassybayNAE-LIH WUArailym NurpeissovaZhumabay BakenovGulnur Kalimuldina2024-08-232024-08-232024-1000086223https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85199342709&origin=resultslisthttps://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/720338The performance of traditional Li-ion batteries deteriorates when operating at sub-zero temperatures mainly due to the slow diffusion of Li-ions in commercial negative electrode materials. Various alternative anodes have been explored, but complex fabrication methods hinder practical implementation. This work proposes a cost-effective anode material, a porous structured nitrogen-doped hard carbon synthesized from date seeds with further LiF modification to achieve an artificial LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. The resulting anode material showcases promising characteristics, achieving a specific capacity of 525 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at room temperature. Furthermore, it maintains a substantial capacity of 280 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at −20 °C. Notably, even when subjected to a high current of 2C at −20 °C, the electrode still provides a remarkable capacity of 72 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles. The outstanding charge storage performance at low temperatures is attributed to the predominance of capacitance-controlled charge storage mechanisms in the prepared anode. Post-mortem analysis confirms structural stability and formation of a uniform LiF-rich SEI layer. This novel approach presents a practical solution to the difficulties encountered by LIBs in cold environments, paving the way for improved battery performance and longevity.trueAnodeHard carbonLi-ion batteryLow temperatureNon-graphitized carbonSEI modificationjournal article10.1016/j.carbon.2024.1194792-s2.0-85199342709