Mark J. AdamsFabian StreitXiangrui MengSwapnil AwasthiBrett N. AdeyKarmel W. ChoiV. Kartik ChundruJonathan R.I. ColemanBart FerwerdaJerome C. FooZachary F. GerringOlga GiannakopoulouPriya GuptaAlisha S.M. HallArvid HarderDavid M. HowardChristopher HübelAlex S.F. KwongDaniel F. LeveyBrittany L. MitchellGuiyan NiVanessa K. OtaOliver PainGita A. PathakEva C. SchulteXueyi ShenJackson G. ThorpAlicia WalkerShuyang YaoJian ZengJohan ZvrskovecDag AarslandKy'Era V. ActkinsMazda AdliEsben AgerboMareike AichholzerAllison AielloTracy M. AirThomas D. AlsEvelyn AnderssonTill F.M. AndlauerVolker AroltHelga AskJulia BäckmanSunita BadolaClive BallardKarina BanasikNicholas J. BassAartjan T.F. BeekmanSintia BelangeroTim B. BigdeliElisabeth B. BinderOttar BjerkesetGyda BjornsdottirSigrid BørteEmma BrännAlice BraunThorsten BrodersenTanja M. BrücklSøren BrunakMie T. BruunMargit BurmeisterPichit BuspavanichJonas Bybjerg-GrauholmEnda M. ByrneJianwen CaiArchie CampbellMegan L. CampbellAdrian I. CamposEnrique CastelaoJorge CervillaBoris ChaumetteChia-Yen ChenHsi-Chung ChenZhengming ChenSven CichonLucía Colodro-CondeAnne CorbettElizabeth C. CorfieldBaptiste Couvy-DuchesneNick CraddockUdo DannlowskiGail DaviesE.J.C. de GeusIan J. DearyFranziska DegenhardtAbbas DehghanJ. Raymond DePauloMichael DeuschleMaria DidriksenKhoa Manh DinhNese DirekSrdjan DjurovicAnna R. DochertyKatharina DomschkeJoseph DowsettOle Kristian DrangeErin C. DunnWilliam EatonGudmundur EinarssonThalia C. EleySamar S.M. ElsheikhJan EngelmannMichael E. BenrosChristian ErikstrupValentina Escott-PriceChiara FabbriYu FangSarah FinerJosef FrankRobert C. FreeLinda GalloHe GaoMichael GillMaria GillesFernando S. GoesScott Douglas GordonJakob GroveDaniel F. GudbjartssonBlanca GutierrezTim HahnLynsey S. HallThomas F. HansenMagnus HaraldssonCatharina A. HartmanAlexandra HavdahlCaroline HaywardStefanie Heilmann-HeimbachStefan HermsIan B. HickieHenrik HjalgrimJens Hjerling-LefflerPer HoffmannGeorg HomuthCarsten HornJouke-Jan HottengaDavid M. HougaardIiris HovattaQin Qin HuangDonald HucksFloris HuiderKaren A. HuntNicholas S. IalongoMarcus IsingErkki IsometsäRick JansenYunxuan JiangIan JonesLisa A. JonesLina JonssonMasahiro KanaiRobert KarlssonSiegfried KasperKenneth S. KendlerRonald C. KesslerStefan KloiberJames A. KnowlesNastassja KoenJulia KraftHenry R. KranzlerKristi KrebsTheodora Kunovac KallakZoltán KutalikElisa LahtelaMarilyn LakeMargit Hørup LarsenEric J. LenzeMelissa LewinsGlyn LewisLiming LiBochao Danae LinKuang LinPenelope A. LindYu-Li LiuDonald J. MacIntyreDean F. MacKinnonBrion S. MaherWolfgang MaierVictoria S. MarsheGabriela A. Martinez-LevyKoichi MatsudaHamdi MbarekPeter McGuffinSarah E. MedlandSusanne MeinertChristina MikkelsenSusan MikkelsenYuri MilaneschiIona Y. MillwoodEsther MolinaFrancis M. MondimorePreben Bo MortensenBenoit H. MulsantJoonas NaamankaJake M. NajmanMatthias NauckIgor NenadićKasper R. NielsenIlja M. NoltMerete NordentoftMarkus M. NöthenMette NyegaardMichael C. O'DonovanAsmundur OddssonAdrielle M. OliveiraCatherine M. OlsenHogni OskarssonSisse Rye OstrowskiMichael J. OwenRichard PackerTeemu PalviainenPedro M. PanCarlos N. PatoMichele T. PatoNancy L. PedersenOle Birger PedersenWouter J. PeyrotJames B. PotashMartin PreisigMichael H. PreussJorge A. QuirozMiguel E. RenteriaCharles F. Reynolds IIIJohn P. RiceSaori SakaueMarcos L. SantoroRobert A. SchoeversAndrew SchorkThomas G. SchulzeTabea S. SendJianxin ShiEngilbert SigurdssonKritika SinghGrant C.B. SinnamonLea SirignanoOlav B. SmelandDaniel J. SmithTamar SoferErik SørensenSundararajan SrinivasanHreinn StefanssonKari StefanssonPeter StraubMei-Hsin SuAndré TadicHenning TeismannAlexander TeumerAnita ThaparPippa A. ThomsonLise Wegner ThørnerApostolia TopaloudiShih-Jen TsaiIoanna TzoulakiGeorge UhlAndré G. UitterlindenHenrik UllumDaniel UmbrichtRobert J. UrsanoSandra Van der AuweraAlbert M. van HemertAbirami VeluchamyAlexander ViktorinHenry VölzkeG. Bragi WaltersXiaotong WangAgaz WaniMyrna M. WeissmanJürgen WellmannDavid C. WhitemanDerek WildmanGonneke WillemsenAlexander T. WilliamsBendik S. WinsvoldStephanie H. WittYing XiongLea ZillichJohn-Anker ZwartOle A. AndreassenBernhard T. BauneKlaus BergerDorret I. BoomsmaAnders D. BørglumGerome BreenNa CaiHilary CoonWilliam E. CopelandByron CreeseCarlos S. Cruz-FuentesDarina CzamaraLea K. DavisEske M. DerksEnrico DomeniciPaul ElliottAndreas J. ForstnerMicha GawlikJoel GelernterHans J. GrabeSteven P. HamiltonKristian HveemCatherine JohnJaakko KaprioTilo KircherMarie-Odile KrebsPO-HSIU KUOMikael LandénKelli LehtoDouglas F. LevinsonQingqin S. LiKlaus LiebRuth J.F. LoosYi LuSusanne LucaeJurjen J. LuykxHermine H.M. MaesPatrik K. MagnussonHilary C. MartinNicholas G. MartinAndrew McQuillinChristel M. MiddeldorpLili MilaniOle MorsDaniel J. MüllerBertram Müller-MyhsokYukinori OkadaAlbertine J. OldehinkelSara A. PacigaColin N.A. PalmerPeristera PaschouBrenda W.J.H. PenninxRoy H. PerlisRoseann E. PetersonGiorgio PistisRenato PolimantiDavid J. PorteousDanielle PosthumaJill A. RabinowitzTed Reichborn-KjennerudAndreas ReifFrances RiceRoland RickenMarcella RietschelMargarita RiveraChristian RückGiovanni A. SalumCatherine SchaeferSrijan SenAlessandro SerrettiAlkistis SkalkidouJordan W. SmollerDan J. SteinFrederike SteinMurray B. SteinPatrick F. SullivanMartin TesliThorgeir E. ThorgeirssonHenning TiemeierNicholas J. TimpsonMonica UddinRudolf UherDavid A. van HeelKarin J.H. VerweijRobin G. WaltersSylvia Wassertheil-SmollerJens R. WendlandThomas WergeAeilko H. ZwindermanKaroline KuchenbaeckerNaomi R. WrayStephan RipkeCathryn M. LewisAndrew M. McIntosh2025-02-262025-02-262025-02https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/725380In a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of 688,808 individuals with major depression (MD) and 4,364,225 controls from 29 countries across diverse and admixed ancestries, we identify 697 associations at 635 loci, 293 of which are novel. Using fine-mapping and functional tools, we find 308 high-confidence gene associations and enrichment of postsynaptic density and receptor clustering. A neural cell-type enrichment analysis utilizing single-cell data implicates excitatory, inhibitory, and medium spiny neurons and the involvement of amygdala neurons in both mouse and human single-cell analyses. The associations are enriched for antidepressant targets and provide potential repurposing opportunities. Polygenic scores trained using European or multi-ancestry data predicted MD status across all ancestries, explaining up to 5.8% of MD liability variance in Europeans. These findings advance our global understanding of MD and reveal biological targets that may be used to target and develop pharmacotherapies addressing the unmet need for effective treatment.enGWASdepressiondrugsenrichmentgeneticgenome-wide association studyneuronspharmacotherapiestargets[SDGs]SDG3journal article10.1016/j.cell.2024.12.00239814019