2009-01-012024-05-14https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/661325摘要：1.翠菊黃萎病群及其他新興重要植物菌質體病害之診斷鑑定（台大林長平）： 植物菌質體 (phytoplasma) 原稱為似菌質體 (mycoplasma-like organism, MLO)，屬於革蘭氏陽性細菌 (Gram positive bacteria) 之 Mollicutes 綱，為一重要植物病原細菌，不具細胞壁，生存於植物韌皮部。由於目前無法利用人工培養，因此其基因組成及生理生化特性仍無法做全盤深入之瞭解。全世界目前已發現之植物菌質體種類多達28群，可在數百種植物上造成1000多種病害。目前國內已有多群 (group) 植物菌質體存在，例如翠菊黃萎病群菌質體造成之病害、花生簇葉病、台灣梨衰弱病及木瓜菌質病害等。本計畫第一部份將利用新研發之高靈敏度PCR檢測工具如multiplex PCR, nested PCR及real-time PCR等技術，針對屬於翠菊黃萎病群(aster yellows group)之植物菌質體(16SrI group)調查其菌系、寄主植物、媒介昆蟲、發病生態及影響範圍，並對田間新監測到之新種植物菌質體進行分類地位之鑑定，並對其寄主與媒介昆蟲進行檢測與鑑定，以瞭解國內各群重要植物菌質體之存在情形。針對各種新發現植物菌質體之電顯觀察、嫁接試驗與帶菌昆蟲傳菌試驗，以完成其柯霍氏準則。此外，亦將應用本研究所建立之各類檢測策略從事各重要植物菌質體病害之發病生態探討，以提供後續研究及防疫、檢疫策略之參考。 2.台灣田間新浮現的柑橘與葡萄疑似植物菌質體病害之病原與媒介昆蟲鑑定（台大洪挺軒）： 針對台灣田間新浮現的柑橘與葡萄疑似植物菌質體病害，進行罹病植物材料之收集與分子診斷，同時多方向進行媒介昆蟲之採集與體內植物菌質體之偵測，找出可帶菌的蟲種。以完整的科學方法（柯霍氏準則），對台灣田間新浮現的柑橘與葡萄疑似植物菌質體病害做出正確的病因鑑定，提供國內正確的防疫資訊。 3.新興的木瓜植物菌質病害疫區調查與風險評估資訊建立（興大陳煜焜、環球技術學院包慧俊、農試所嘉義分所洪士程）： 田間木瓜作物已確認有植物菌質感染之發生。本計畫擬就該植物菌質病原進行全面性疫區、中間寄主與媒介昆蟲之調查工作。同時將進行媒介昆蟲傳播試驗及病原活體保存的工作。<br> Abstract: Phytoplasma is an wall-less phytopathogenic prokaryote that can cause many important yellows-type plant diseases. Up to now, the limited prokaryote still resist to be cultured in any available culture medium. It’s also very difficult to isolate phytoplasma cells to the purity that will meet the requirement for various biological and biochemical studies. Now, there are more than 1000 different plant diseases are now known to be caused by over 800 phytoplasma species. Based on the in silico RFLP-analysis, these phytoplasmas are now classified into 28 groups, but only 26 Candidatus Phytoplasma species names were suggested for few of them. In Taiwan, there are many important diseases such as pear decline, peanut witches’ broom, periwinkle leaf yellowing, were caused by phytoplasmas. In the first part of this proposed study, various PCR-based detection strategies will be applied for the identification and detection of various strains of AY-group phytoplasma and newly discovered phytoplasmas. The insect vectors, alternative plant hosts of these phytoplasma will be identified. The transmission electron microscopic examination will also be applied in this study. In the second part of this research, the emerging phytoplasma diseases of citrus and grape will be studied. The classification status of the associated phytoplasmas will be determined. The alternative hosts and possible insect vectors will also be identified. The infection of phytoplasma to papaya in Taiwan had been confirmed by PCR during past few years. In the proposed study, the distribution and the locations of this papaya disease, the alternative hosts of the phytoplasma, and the possible insect vectors will be investigated. The transmission ability of the possible vectors and the possibility of in vivo preservation of the papaya phytoplasma will be tested as well.翠菊黃萎病群植物菌質體柑橘葡萄木瓜菌系聚合酵素連鎖反應Aster yellows-group phytoplasmascitrusgrapepapayaphytoplasma strain