內科Carson, WangdenWangdenCarsonTseng, Yung-ZuYung-ZuTseng2009-12-182018-07-112009-12-182018-07-112008http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/174552Background: The patho-physiology of initiation of atrial fibrillation (af ) or flutter (AF) is not known. Would it be possible that the real explanation is hidden in physics territory but not in medicine? Could it be possible that the heart behaves like a biological generator in physics? Can an abnormal inscription direction (AID) or an abnormal slow conduction (ASC) of the P loop explain the genesis of af or AF? Results: Thirty (54%) patients had abnormal inscription direction of the P loop. Seven (13%) among 55 patients developed af or AF. Six of the seven had AID of the P loop. All seven had right or left atrial enlargement. They were among 50 patients (91%)with abnormal atrium enlargement. Four among the seven had ASC of the P loop. There were 27 patients (49%) among the total 55 with ASC of the P loop. Conclusions: The heart is a biological generator, which has also inherited the same problems as generators. The types of figure-of-eight or clockwise rotation of the P loop, which are linked with the partial or complete negative sequence in physics have been documented. Based on negative sequence voltages in physics, a new theory of af, AF, or atrial premature contraction has been proposed.en-USAtrial fibrillationAtrial flutterAcute myocardial infarctionVectorcardiographyTachyarrhythmiaAtrial premature contraction[SDGs]SDG3journal article10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.10.056