2020-01-212024-05-14https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/655618摘要：中藥材於亞洲區具有重要的應用價值，民眾於傳統醫學或是日常保健上皆有可能取食中藥材，除我國外，中藥材亦流通於中國、日本與韓國等地。中藥材適合生長的條件不同，某些特定地區才能產出具有藥用價值之藥材，因此我國中藥材來源大多為國外進口，目前臺灣市售的中藥材近九成來自於中國大陸或其他國家輸入，而因為各國家依作物生長環境、病蟲害發生、防治方法及農藥使用品項與管理規範不同，使進口中藥材的農藥殘留與國內殘留情形及容許量標準有所差異。因此為加強中藥材管理及保障民眾食用中藥材之安全，擬定此一中藥材殘留農藥背景值監測調查之計畫，收集國內使用量及使用頻率較高之中藥材，調查其中農藥殘留之情形，所獲成果可供行政機關研究訂定中藥材安全衛生管理規範的參考。 目前，「食品安全衛生管理法」第十五條第二項規定，殘留農藥安全容許量之標準由中央主管機關會商相關機關定之。因此針對農產品上的農藥殘留訂有「農藥殘留容許量標準」，其訂定的原則是以表示農藥慢毒性的無毒害藥量為計算基準，依據政府核准的使用方法及防治作物為對象，考量國人取食習慣及取食量，訂定每一類作物中的農藥殘留容許量。因此只有在國內政府核准使用的農藥及作物才有容許量，沒有訂定容許量標準者依法不得有殘留，因此在農藥殘留檢驗上不合格的情形一種是殘留量超過容許量，另一種則是檢驗出沒有容許量標準的農藥殘留。此一容許量標準的特點是必須為國內登記使用之農藥及允許施用的作物，才有足夠之資料及法源依據，且根據農藥殘留消退的資料及國人的取食習慣進行研訂。由於中藥材之栽培方式、生長特性、國內的取食人口、取食方式乃至於取食量之評估皆有別於一般之農產品，因此其農藥殘留容許量之建立應有更詳盡的背景資料及相關生產國栽培技術資料之佐證。為此基於國民飲食習慣及保障國民健康的目標，對日常國人作為治療或健康保健的中藥材訂定相關的農藥殘留標準確有其必要性。因此研提此計畫以進行中藥材殘留農藥背景值監測調查，供後續本部研訂安全衛生管理規範參考。 <br> Abstract: Chinese medicines are of great value in traditional medicine and people`s daily health care applications in Asia. In addition to Taiwan, Chinese herbal medicine trade is abundant within China, Japan, South Korea, and other countries. According to the growth conditions of Chinese herbal medicines, only specific areas are able to produce medicinal materials with medicinal value. Thus, the sources of Chinese herbal medicines are mostly imported from abroad. At present, about 90% of the sources of Chinese herbal medicines come from China. Based on the growth characteristics of medicinal plants, Chinese herbal medicines are rarely planted in Taiwan. However, different exporting countries have different management practices. The pesticides applied on medicinal plants vary, and residue levels and maximum residue limits are also different, which lead to different pesticide residues among the imported Chinese herbal medicines. Currently in Taiwan, the standard of pesticide safety residue limit is determined by the relevant authority of the central management according to Article 15 (2) of the Food Safety and Health Administration Law, and “pesticide residue limit standards” are determined for agricultural products. The principle of determination uses the no observable effect level of chronic toxicity as the basis for calculation, with methods approved by the government for use on specific crops. The population’s dietary habits and intake are also taken into consideration in order to set pesticide residue limits for each type of crop. For pesticides with no set residue limit on a crop, its residues cannot legally appear on said crop. Thus, there are two scenarios in which a pesticide residue inspection of a product will not pass: one is the detection of residue levels that exceed pesticide residue limits, and the other is the detection of pesticide residues that do have a pesticide residue limit for the product. Using this standard, registering a pesticide requires information on the pesticide and target crop for a legal basis, and data on pesticide residue dissipation and population consumption patterns are necessary to develop a complete standard. However, since the majority of crops processed for Chinese medicine are imported from abroad, a different approach should be developed for setting pesticide residue limits specific for Chinese medicinal plants. Studies were proposed by collecting pesticide application information from origin and legal pesticide maximum residue levels of import countries, then analyzing the pesticides residues of commercial herbal crude medicine materials which were sampling from markets in Taiwan. According to these data, combining the information of pesticide maximum residue levels from the other countries, the actual pesticide residues data in collected samples and the intake risk of those herbal medicine materials the maximum residues limits (MRLs) of traditional herbal crude medicine materials will be established.中藥材農藥殘留容許量herbal medicinespesticidemaximum residue limits