Cheng, Kun-ChiehKun-ChiehChengHuang, Hsuan-ChengHsuan-ChengHuangChen, Jenn-HanJenn-HanChenHsu, Jia-WeiJia-WeiHsuCheng, Hsu-ChiehHsu-ChiehChengOu, Chern-HanChern-HanOuYang, Wen-BinWen-BinYangChen, Shui-TeinShui-TeinChenWong, Chi-HueyChi-HueyWongJuan, Hsueh-FenHsueh-FenJuan2018-09-102018-09-1020071471-2164http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/17996095http://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/329913Background: Ganoderma lucidum has been widely used as a herbal medicine for promoting health and longevity in China and other Asian countries. Polysaccharide extracts from Ganoderma lucidum have been reported to exhibit immuno-modulating and anti-tumor activities. In previous studies, F3, the active component of the polysaccharide extract, was found to activate various cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α. This gave rise to our investigation on how F3 stimulates immuno-modulating or anti-tumor effects in human leukemia THP-1 cells. Results: Here, we integrated time-course DNA microarray analysis, quantitative PCR assays, and bioinformatics methods to study the F3-induced effects in THP-1 cells. Significantly disturbed pathways induced by F3 were identified with statistical analysis on microarray data. The apoptosis induction through the DR3 and DR4/5 death receptors was found to be one of the most significant pathways and play a key role in THP-1 cells after F3 treatment. Based on time-course gene expression measurements of the identified pathway, we reconstructed a plausible regulatory network of the involved genes using reverse-engineering computational approach. Conclusion: Our results showed that F3 may induce death receptor ligands to initiate signaling via receptor oligomerization, recruitment of specialized adaptor proteins and activation of caspase cascades. ? 2007 Cheng et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.application/pdf991576 bytesapplication/pdf[SDGs]SDG3adaptor protein; caspase; death receptor; death receptor 4; death receptor 5; Ganoderma lucidum extract; polysaccharide; cytokine; death receptor; herbaceous agent; plant extract; antineoplastic activity; apoptosis; article; bioinformatics; concentration response; controlled study; DNA microarray; drug effect; drug mechanism; enzyme activation; gene construct; gene expression; genetic engineering; human; human cell; immunomodulation; leukemia cell; ligand binding; microarray analysis; monocytic leukemia; oligomerization; polymerase chain reaction; protein determination; quantitative analysis; signal transduction; acute monocytic leukemia; apoptosis; chemistry; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; Ganoderma lucidum; gene expression profiling; genetics; metabolism; pathology; physiology; tumor cell line; Western blotting; Ganoderma lucidum; Apoptosis; Blotting, Western; Cell Line, Tumor; Cytokines; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Plant Extracts; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polysaccharides; Receptors, Death Domain; Reishi; Signal Transductionjournal article10.1186/1471-2164-8-411