葉怡玉2006-07-252018-06-282006-07-252018-06-282003http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/9709負向促發是指當之前干擾物變成目標物時，反應時間變慢的現象。學界對於此效果的成因持有抑制論與記憶提取論兩種觀點。其中，記憶提取論認為此現象是由於對目標物提取出之前「不反應」的記憶痕跡，而與當下反應互相干擾所造成。由於，情境相似性影響記憶提取，其對負向促發效果的影響可驗證此理論。本系列實驗即探討知覺脈絡的相似性對負向促發的影響。第一系列 重複之前的研究，除了傳統的負向促發派典內的操控，主要的變項是以驚嘆號是否出現於目標物與干擾物之間來操控促發項及偵 測項的情境相似性。次要變項包括指導語以及刺激材料。在八個實驗中，只有一個實驗出現情境相似性與負向促發效果的交互作 用，兩個實驗出現負向促發效果，兩個實驗出現情境相似性的效果，其餘六個實驗完全沒有任何結果。我們認為沒有任何理論架構可以解釋如此多變的負向促發效果。The impact of contextual similarity on negative priming was investigated in a series of studies. According to the memory retrieval account, similarity should increase the likelihood that a prior episode is retrieved. When inappropriate response information is retrieved to conflict with the current response selection, negative priming manifests. In the first series, we replicated and extended a previous study that found null effects of contextual similarity in negative priming. Across eight experiments, we find negative priming volatile with null results in many experiments. In the first four experiments, we presented three Chinese character-words on screen and asked participants to name the center character. Contextual similarity was defined by whether exclamation marks appeared in both the prime and probe displays. We also used two types of instruction. The first instruction emphasized the use of the exclamation marks to localize the target and the second emphasized ignoring the marks. In the latter five experiments, we presented three alphabets with or without an exclamation mark in between. We asked participants to press a key to the center target. Results from these experiments suggested the following. When a prime episode can be easily retrieved via a large prime-response-stimulus- interval/ response-stimulus-interval ratio (PRSI/RSI), negative priming occurred only when the distractors were near the target in a distance of 1.1°. Negative priming did not manifest when the distance was 2.1°. When the prime trial could not be easily discriminated from the probe trial, instruction type interacted with distance to influence negative priming. To account for these results, multiple mechanisms must be incorporated in a model.application/pdf236885 bytesapplication/pdfzh-TW國立臺灣大學心理學系暨研究所負向促發情境相似性negative primingcontextual similarityreporthttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/9709/1/912413H002011.pdf