廖婉君臺灣大學：電機工程學研究所簡俊龍Chien, Chun-LungChun-LungChien2007-11-262018-07-062007-11-262018-07-062007http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/53032無線感測器網路相關技術近年發展快速，感測器節點除具有體積小、成本低廉、適合各種方式大量散布等特點。更特別的是，感測器節點除了能感測周遭環境的變化，節點之間還可透過無線傳輸相互溝通並自建傳輸網路，使得無線感測器網路適合在人跡罕至或具危險性的工作環境應用，在引導進入災區救援或是協助戰場上失事的軍事人員搜索救援等應用陸續被提出。本篇論文為無線感測器網路於緊急逃生路線導引技術研究，強調適用於各種複雜結構建築內部的導引協定技術開發為主要標的。我們的系統架構為，假設建築物內發生緊急事故 (如：火災等)，建築內部逃生路線導引系統，可透LED顯示器或線性LED提供導引方向資訊，快速導引人員疏散避難。目前相關演算法或協定研究，因無線感測器節點不具有分辨障礙物的能力，逃生路線的決定需交由網路後端的電腦協助進行處理，否則節點可能因誤信交換的錯誤資訊，而造成錯誤導引。某些應用中，紅外線或超音波技術偵測曾被用來識別障礙物，但紅外線與超音波技術存在有限感測距離與視距要求，再加上易受環境干擾 (溫度、煙霧與警報器噪音等)，使用有其限制。本篇論文中，我們運用方向碼(Direction Code)、對應碼(Mapping Code)與路徑選擇演算法(Selective Path Algorithm)等技術，完成可擇路線的緊急路線導引協定(Selective Path Emergency Navigation Protocol)設計。藉由方向資訊與通道比對識別，提供感測器節點對障礙路徑的排除能力，減少錯誤資訊散布。不但可保障網路運作效能，亦確保逃生路線導引的正確性。經過模擬程式驗證，即使面臨通道複雜如迷宮的環境，我們設計的機制可以正確並快速提供逃生路線的導引。Wireless Sensor Network related technologies have rapidly developed in recent years. The characteristics of sensor nodes are small in size, low in cost and can be deployed many of nodes in a large area through various ways. Furthermore, sensor nodes not only can sense changes of environment, but also can link nodes through radio transmission and auto configures. It is suitable to use in a harsh or dangerous working environment or remote area. Therefore, there are some researchers have suggested applying this technology in navigating assistance on rescuing task and assisting on searching and rescuing injured soldiers from battle fields. This essay is a research of Applications of Wireless Sensor Network in Emergency Navigation Path, which emphasises on developing navigation protocol technology which is suitable for various complicated building structures. The system structure is if there is an emergency that happens inside a building (eg, fire), the emergency navigation system inside the building can rapidly guide people to a safe place through providing navigation direction information by LED display or linear LED. Current researches on related Algorithm and Protocol are still facing some challenges. Because wireless sensor nodes do not have the ability of identifying obstacles, so the decision making of emergency path has to be assisted by a computer at the back end of the network, otherwise nodes may receive and exchange wrong information and create incorrect navigation data. Infrared and Ultrasound technologies have been used in some applications to identify obstacles, but these technologies have been limited by sensing range and eye distance. They are also easily interfered by the environment (eg. temperature, smoke and noise from alarm system etc.). In the essay, we completed a design of Selective Path Emergency Navigation Protocol by using Direction Code, Mapping code and Selective Path Algorithm techniques. It equips sensor nodes with the ability of discarding incorrect information by identifying and comparing direction and path data, so it can avoid sending out false information. It not only can guarantee the efficiency of the network operation, but also can ensure the accuracy of emergency navigation. Through testing our simulation program, it has proved that the mechanism which we designed can rapidly provide correct escape path navigation information.口試委員審定書 i 中文摘要 ii 英文摘要 iii 第一章 基本介紹 5 第一節 無線感測器網路 6 第二節 相關研究 6 1.火場資訊與救援設備研究計畫 7 2.導引協定在無線感測器網路上之應用 8 3.無線感測器網路分散式緊急導引演算法研究 9 第二章 問題分析 11 第三章 研究動機與目標 13 第一節 研究動機 13 第二節 研究目標 13 第四章 演算法介紹 15 第一節 方向編碼 (Direction Coding) 15 4.1.1 編碼目的 15 4.1.2 編碼規則 15 4.1.3 編碼方式 16 第二節 對應編碼 (Mapping Coding) 17 4.2.1 編碼目的 17 4.2.2 編碼規則 17 4.2.3 編碼方式 17 第三節 路徑選擇演算法 (Selective Path Algorithm) 18 4.3.1通道配對 (Path Match) 18 4.3.2 位置配對 (Position Match) 20 第四節 緊急逃生路線導引協定 (Emergency navigation protocol) 20 4.4.1 協定設計原則 20 4.4.2協定架構 22 第五章 模擬分析 28 第一節 模擬程式介紹 28 5.1.1模擬程式架構 28 5.1.2 模擬程式驗證 31 第二節 模擬參數設定 32 第三節 數據分析 33 5.3.1 逃生路線導引成效評估 33 5.3.2危險區間迴避成效分析 35 5.3.3 最短路徑分析 36 5.3.4網路中各個感測器節點的傳輸訊息量分析 38 第六章 結論 46 參考文獻 474393601 bytesapplication/pdfen-US無線通信無線感測器網路感測器節點緊急逃生逃生路線指引障礙識別wireless sensor networkswireless communicationsensor nodeemergency path guidingdistinguish obstaclethesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/53032/1/ntu-96-P90921004-1.pdf