Subramaniyan, PulikkuttyPulikkuttySubramaniyanKandeepan, YamunadeviYamunadeviKandeepanChen, Shen-MingShen-MingChenNatesan, ManjulaManjulaNatesanTZU-EN LINYI-PEI LI2025-08-142025-08-142025-10https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105010834572&origin=resultslisthttps://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/731384The widespread use of pesticides has raised serious concerns about their impact on the environment and human health, particularly due to contamination of soil, water, and food supplies. Dichlone (DHN), a commonly used quinone-based pesticide, exemplifies the persistence and toxicity of these chemicals, necessitating reliable detection methods. Electrochemical sensors offer a promising solution, providing high sensitivity, rapid response, and cost-effectiveness. In this study, we developed single-atom catalysts (SACs) based on Fe-CN and FeSn-CN using high-temperature gelation and annealing methods. The addition of Sn was systematically evaluated for its impact on the catalytic activity, stability, and electrode surface area (0.0053cm2). Prepared materials were characterized using physical and chemical techniques to confirm their structural and functional properties. Voltametric analysis revealed the SACs' high sensitivity for DHN detection, with a low limit of detection (0.0023μg/L), excellent stability (76.19%), and minimal interference from other substances. Furthermore, the sensor's performance was validated through environmental sample testing, including soil and water analysis with recovery percentage range of 95-102%. The findings underscore the potential of FeSn-CN SACs for precise, reliable, and scalable pesticide monitoring, contributing to advancements in environmental safety and electrochemical sensing technology.falseDichlone detectionEnvironmental monitoringHigh-Temperature gelationPesticide contaminationSingle-Atom catalyst[SDGs]SDG3journal article10.1016/j.jece.2025.1175592-s2.0-105010834572