楊萬發臺灣大學:環境工程學研究所蔡昇達Tsai, Sheng-TaSheng-TaTsai2007-11-292018-06-282007-11-292018-06-282004http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/62782本研究主要探討一般廢棄物中有害成分。主要分成兩階段進行,第一階段以一般廢棄物作為研究對象,進行採樣及分類,瞭解各種廢棄物物理組成及比例。第二階段以印刷電路板、光碟片及電池(各型號鹼錳電池與9V錳鋅電池)為研究對象,進行TCLP溶出試驗,分析各種樣品內所含重金屬之種類及含量,最後再將兩階段之結果整合進行推估。 根據實驗結果,在一般廢棄物採樣部份,光碟片佔一般廢棄物之百分比為0.162%,廢乾電池佔一般廢棄物之百分比為0.0325%,小型電子電器用品佔一般廢棄物之百分比為0.387%。 在毒性溶出試驗部份,光碟片在檢測的金屬中均符合標準外,濃 度也小到幾乎可忽略。在電池有害重金屬溶出部份,銅、鉛遠低於認定標準外,鎳之含量測定中有一3號電池含量特別高,可能是生產過程中有瑕疵或因廠牌不同而成份、製程不同所造成的個別差異。在印刷電路板有害重金屬溶出部份,銅含量均小於1mg/L,然而鎳的含量在1〜6mg/L間,鉛只有一個樣品之鉛溶出濃度低於但也逼近認定標準值,其餘樣品之鉛溶出濃度平均超過10mg/L,幾乎是大於2倍認定標準值5mg/L,可見印刷電路板鉛可能之毒害性遠遠超過其他樣品。 雖然這三種總重量佔了本研究假定有害廢棄物重量之15%左右,若將其分類使之不進入焚化過程,對於焚化過程所產生之飛灰與灰渣之總量與濃度之減少量卻遠低於1%,表示廢棄物中可溶出之有害重金屬濃度佔其本身總含量之比例極小。 由於印刷電路板鉛溶出超過認定標準,故有必要列為有害廢棄物。The purpose of this paper is study the hazardous components in Household Waste. There are two stage in this study:stage 1, I would like to understand physic constituent of every kind of waste by taking sample from Household Waste(HHW). Stage 2, I do my TCLP experiment with PCB(printed circuit board), CD-R, and Battery, which are the sample of TCLP experiment. And then i analysis every kind and weight content of metal in samples indivisually. Finally,I combine the results with the two stages and to estimate the other results. The result of this experiment show that: the CD-R weight percentage in HHW is 0.162%;the wasted battery weight percentage in HHW is 0.0325%;the PCB weight percentage in HHW is 0.387%. In the portion of TCLP experiment, The metal concentration of CD-R can match the standard; In the portion of hazardous metal dissolved concentration by Battery, the concentration of Cu and Pb is lower than the standardof the law. Otherwise, there is one of #3 Battery has much higher Ni concentration than the others. Maybe the manufacture of the battery differ from others. In the portion of hazardous metal dissolved concentration by PCB, the concentration of Cu is lower than 1 mg/L. the concentration of Ni is between 1 to 6 mg/L. However, there is only one sample can match the Pb standard concentration of the law(the Pb standard concentration of the law is 5 mg/L). The Pb average concentration of other samples is over 10 mg/L. By the way, the hazard of Pb in PCB is much larger than other samples The total weight percentage of three samples in the weight of hazardous waste which be assumped in this study is about 15%.If we pick the three samples from Burning process, the decrease of the weight and concentration of the bottom ash and the fly ash produced from burning process is lower than 1%.This result shows that the portion of metal dissolved is much smaller than total content. Because the Pb Dissolved concentration of PCB is over the standard of the law, it must to be listed as hazardous waste.第一章 緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 研究緣起 1 1.3 研究方法與目的 2 第二章 文獻回顧 4 2.2 印刷電路板 5 2.2.1 印刷電路板基版材料 5 2.2.2 印刷電路板製程 5 2.3.1 CD-R之記憶層塗料 8 2.3.2 DVD之記憶層塗料 9 2.4 電池 13 2.4.1 錳鋅電池 14 2.4.2 鹼錳電池 16 2.5 國內外一般廢棄物中有害垃圾清除、處理方法之比較 18 2.5.1 國內 18 2.5.2 美國現行家戶有害廢棄物之清除、處理制度 29 2.5.3 歐洲 34 2.5.4 日本國 36 2.5.5 中國大陸 38 2.6 一般廢棄物分類對焚化灰渣之影響 41 2.6.1 焚化灰渣種類及來源 41 2.6.2 焚化灰渣中之各元素含量比例 42 2.6.3 焚化灰渣之重金屬來源 44 2.7 各類有害重金屬之毒害性 44 2.7.1 鎳 44 2.7.2 銅 45 2.7.3 鉛 45 2.7.4 鎘 45 2.7.5 鉻 46 第三章 實驗設計與分析方法 47 3.1 實驗設計 47 3.2 一般廢棄物中有害垃圾之調查 47 3.2.1 實驗材料 47 3.2.2 實驗方法 48 3.2.3 實驗流程 49 3.3 毒性特性溶出試驗 49 3.3.1 實驗材料 49 3.3.2 實驗流程 50 3.3.3 分析項目與方法 52 第四章 實驗結果 54 4.1 一般廢棄物中有害垃圾之調查 54 4.2 有害廢棄物之分類影響 57 4.3 毒性特性溶出試驗 60 4.3.1 消化對濃度之影響 60 4.3.2 TCLP各種樣品金屬溶出比較 63 4.4 一般廢棄物之有害重金屬減量推估分析結果 75 4.5 三種樣品對焚化飛灰與底渣重金屬含量之影響評估 78 4.6 三種樣品與焚化飛灰與底渣Pb之溶出濃度比較 83 第五章 結論與建議 84 5.1 結論 84 5.2 建議 85 參考文獻 861244360 bytesapplication/pdfen-US一般廢棄物鎳銅鉛重金屬Heavy MetalPbNiCuHousehold Waste[SDGs]SDG12一般廢棄物中有害成分分析之研究The Study of Hazardous Components in Household Wastethesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/62782/1/ntu-93-R90541115-1.pdf