2021-01-012024-05-13https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/654088聖雄甘地是近代印度最知名的人物，雖其身故已70餘年，但時至今日，世界各地仍對他保持高度的興趣。當甘地還在領導反殖民運動時，許多評介、傳記、嘉言錄等便已流通於世；往後隨著時間的腳步，各種研究也不斷推陳出新。儘管相關文獻已不勝枚舉，但就筆者管見，其核心議題多半在於印度的文化、社會、國家建設，及其與西方特別是英國的關係上，至於甘地與東亞之聯繫，則較少引起注意。有鑑於此，筆者嘗試從兩個相關聯的層次來探討這個主題：一、歷史層次：甘地帶領印度人民反抗英國壓迫，引起非西方人士的強烈共鳴，當時便有許多中國和日本人，密切關注甘地的言行，而甘地有時也會提及中國和日本，傳達出他對亞洲整體局勢的看法，對此加以分疏，可補充現有的近代區域史和世界史知識。二、思想層次：無論在甘地生前或身後，世界各地都有人受到他的精神感召進而研究其思想，中國與日本也不例外，筆者特別感興趣的是，中、日學者如何一面將甘地思想「普遍化」為東方哲學，一面又將其「特殊化」為與西方對立的型態。透過本計畫，筆者希望能更深入地理解近代的「東方」概念如何生成與構建。 Mahatma Gandhi is no doubt the most famous personage of modern India. More than seventy years have elapsed since his assassination in 1948. However, for the whole world, it seems that Gandhi still constitutes a living source of fascination and inspiration. While Gandhi was still leading India’s anti-colonial movements against British rule, there had emerged many introductions to and analyses of him; selections from his writings and speeches were also popular. With the passage of time, studies of Gandhi from numerous perspectives have been coming out in a steady flow. Despite the abundance of relevant studies, it must be noted that most of them are focused on the culture, society, and national construction of India, and its relations with the West, especially with Britain. As for the connections between Gandhi and East Asian countries such as China and Japan, they have drawn much less attention. Therefore, this project will deal with the topic on two interrelated levels. First, the level of history. The Indian movement against British rule led by Gandhi aroused strong sympathy among non-Westerners, and there were many Chinese and Japanese people paying heed to Gandhi’s words and deeds. Gandhi himself made occasional comments on China and Japan as well, giving expression to his view of the Asian situation, which deserves careful study to complement the knowledge of modern world history. Second, the level of thought. During Gandhi’s lifetime and after his death, there are people throughout the world——China and Japan are no exceptions——who feel drawn to Gandhi’s personality and go further to study his thought. What interests me the most is how Chinese and Japanese scholars “universalize” Gandhi’s thought as embodying Eastern philosophy on the one hand, and “particularize” it as an antithesis to Western philosophy on the other. By way of this project, I expect to get a deeper insight of how the idea of “the East” has risen and been constructed in modern times.甘地印度中國日本東方GandhiIndiaChinaJapanthe East