2009-08-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/702450摘要：日本鰻為我國重要的經濟養殖魚類。台灣於1980年代，曾輸出日本鰻活成鰻至德國，數年之後，在幾乎歐洲各地的野生歐洲鰻族群中普遍發現感染一種從前未有之鰾線蟲 (Anguillicola crassus)，感染力極強，對於歐洲鰻的生存有不良影響。而自1980年代之後，歐洲鰻的資源量急速下降，僅剩1980年代的1 %，資源量下降的原因除了氣候變遷、河川棲地污染等因素之外，亦有學者認為與鰾線蟲之危害有關。鰾線蟲的原始寄生宿主為日本鰻，德國學者近年來投入調查鰾線蟲的跨國感染現象，欲釐清感染歐洲鰻的鰾線蟲近25年來之演化適應程度，以及與台灣本地種的鰾線蟲的類緣關係。為了強化鰾線蟲的跨國感染研究，本計畫擬與德國學者Horst Friedrich Taraschewski教授跨國合作，第一年擬透過分析耳石中的鍶鈣比變化，分析在三型棲地利用 (海水，淡水與半淡鹹水) 的野生日本鰻與養殖鰻中，本地種鰾線蟲的感染模式與生活史策略，並建立鰾線蟲感染實驗之技術；第二年擬透過室內養殖試驗，比較日本鰻與歐洲鰻於感染鰾線蟲後，兩者免疫反應的模式與差異性，並分析在三型棲地利用 (海水，淡水與半淡鹹水) 的野生歐洲鰻中，當地種鰾線蟲的感染模式與生活史策略；第三年擬透過蛋白質二維膠電泳 – 質譜分析，找尋日本鰻血清中對抗鰾線蟲感染的特殊蛋白，釐清為何歐洲鰻對鰾線蟲的抵抗力極弱的原因。本計畫的實驗成果將與德方的研究相互結合，有效釐清鰾線蟲的跨國感染模式，並建立適當的管理與防治策略。<br> Abstract: Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) is one of the economically important cultured fish in Taiwan. In 1980s, the live Japanese eel had ever been exported to Germany. A few years later, the wild European eel was found to infect with the parasite (A. crassus) that had never been found before. The worm’s infection intensity is very strong and has negative effect on the viability of the European eel. Historical statistics prove that European eel suffers a dramatic decline since the 1980s, making the recent abundance of eels to only about 1 % compared with that in the past two decades. The decline is thought to be due to climate change, habitat pollution and other factors such as A. crassus infection. The native host of the A. crassus is the Japanese eel. The Germany scholars have been investigating the transcontinental infection of the A. crassus for many years in order to clarify its adaptation/evolution process after their introduction for 25 years, and compare its development, morphology and genetic structure in the two host species (adapted versus naive host). To intensify the research of the transcontinental infection of the A. crassus, this project will cooperate with Prof. Horst Friedrich Taraschewski form Germany. In the first year, we will focus on the analysis of the infection pattern and life history strategy of the A. crassus in three eel contingents as revealed by their otolith Sr/Ca ratios in the wild and cultured Japanese eel. We will also establish the technique of nematode infection. In the second year of the project, we will identify the immune response of the Japanese and European eels after A. crassus infection, and compare the differences between the two hosts. Also, we will analyze the infection pattern and life history strategy of the local A. crassus in three eel contingents of the wild European eel. In the third year of the project, we will try to identify the novel anti-parasite proteins in the serum of the Japanese eel by 2D-Mass analysis. This may answer why European eels are highly susceptible to A. crassus. Results of this project will integrate with those from the Germany partners to better understand the transcontinental infection model of the A. crassus and to raise suitable management strategy for prevention and cure of the nematode infection.日本鰻歐洲鰻鰾線蟲跨國感染Japanese eelEuropean eelAnguillicola crassusTranscontinental infection