Wang, Y.Y.WangTsai, M.-L.M.-L.TsaiChiou, L.-Y.L.-Y.ChiouHo, C.-T.C.-T.HoMIN-HSIUNG PAN2018-09-102018-09-102015http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84945157596&partnerID=MN8TOARShttp://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/391089Garcinol, which is isolated from fruit rinds of Garcinia indica, is a polyisoprenylated benzophenone. It has been studied for its antitumor activity by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting autophagy in human prostate cancer cells. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio increased when garcinol was applied to PC-3 cells indicating a presence of apoptosis. Meanwhile, procaspases-9 and -3 were suppressed with attenuating PARP and DFF-45. Autophagy was inhibited through activating p-mTOR and p-PI3 Kinase/AKT by garcinol, which as a result induced the cells to apoptosis directly. In addition, the apoptosis effect of garcinol in a xenograft mouse model was also tested, suggesting a consistent result with PC-3 cell model. The tumor size was reduced more than 80 percent after the mouse accepted the garcinol treatment. Garcinol was demonstrated to have a strong antitumor activity through inhibiting autophagy and inducing apoptosis, which was discovered for the first time. Based on these findings, our data suggests that garcinol deserves further investigation as a potent chemopreventive agent. ? 2015 American Chemical Society.apoptosis; autophagy; garcinol; prostate cancer cells and xenograft mice[SDGs]SDG3Biological materials; Cell death; Cytology; Diseases; Mammals; Urology; Anti-tumor activities; Autophagy; Chemopreventive agents; Garcinia indica; garcinol; Human prostate cancer cells; Mouse models; Prostate cancer cells; Cells; antineoplastic agent; DNA fragmentation factor, human; garcinol; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide adenosine diphosphate ribosyltransferase; protein; protein bcl 2; terpene; animal; chemistry; drug screening; Garcinia; genetics; human; male; metabolism; mouse; pathophysiology; Prostatic Neoplasms; tumor cell line; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Garcinia; Humans; Male; Mice; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; Prostatic Neoplasms; Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Terpenes; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assaysjournal article10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03851