2014-01-012024-05-13https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/648897摘要：登革熱為臺灣公共衛生重要蚊媒傳染病之一。由於全球氣候溫暖化，使得臺灣遭受嚴重的蚊蟲孳擾與蚊媒傳染病威脅。長期密集使用不同的化學藥劑來消滅蚊蟲已經使得蚊蟲產生嚴重多重抗藥性。本研究室過往已順利確認南臺灣嘉義、台南、高雄和屏東地區存在具生物性防治功能的高捕食性劍水蚤物種。實驗室利用鏡檢和分子生物學方法已確認該劍水蚤無攜帶具病原性寄生蟲，且這些劍水蚤對現行殺蟲藥劑的感受性低，能在實驗室和野外環境被大量地、穩定地繼代培養，並且實務應用於高雄的積水地下室和台南的澄清水溝之中，歷經一年半之生態監測過程，初步評估成效良好。為了讓本計畫之成果能實質發揮研究、實務和政策間的連貫性，本計畫擬持續推動以劍水蚤來進行登革病媒蚊幼蟲之生物性防治，透過劍水蚤和誘卵器的結合和澄清水溝引入劍水蚤等方法，以發揮新型式生物性誘卵滅幼策略，以達到以劍水蚤防治登革熱病媒蚊幼蟲的目標。本研究一方面延續先前劍水蚤監測研究，增加誘蚊產卵桶以模擬監測地下室積水區蚊蟲密度變化；另一方面以2012年高雄和台南本土病例集中區之學校為試驗和監測地點，透過與學校自然科和生物科老師的合作，開展校園登革熱病媒蚊幼蟲之防治與監測。試驗操作前先巡查校園，以建立校園潛在孳生源區和高風險區。透過空間地理資訊系統之方法，區分為室內和戶外二種佈點類型，依校園師生總人數比例於校園定點置放定比例數量之新型式生物性誘卵器，以及佈劃不流動澄清水溝之定點採樣站，引入劍水蚤至上述環境後，定期評估校園孳生源清除後蚊蟲密度之變化與劍水蚤防除之功效。本研究將透過生態友善、環境永續的生物防制方法來防除登革熱病媒蚊幼蟲，以評估劍水蚤實務應用於校園的可行性，一方面評估長期施行能否達成病媒管制降低病媒族群和降低疾病傳播的風險；另一方面透過操作試驗過程，向下紮根落實登革風險地區之登革防治知識和行動。<br> Abstract: Dengue fever is one of the important mosquito-borne infectious diseases causing great public health concerns in Taiwan. As the global climate warming, Taiwan suffered from severe mosquito nuisance and disease threats. Long-term intensive application of different pesticides to kill mosquitoes has made mosquitoes develop multiple pesticide resistance. In previous study, our laboratory has successfully identified predatory copepods species as biological controlling agents in southern Taiwan, including Chiayi, Tainan, Kaohsiung, and Pingtung. These copepods has been confirmed free of pathogenic parasites by microscopic examination and molecular biology analysis. Moreover, the copepods were insensitive to common insecticides, and therefore, they could be amplified in large numbers in both laboratory and field environments steadily. After one and a half years of field studies in which the copepods were released in flooded basements in Kaohsiung and clear ditchwater in Tainan, the preliminary results were promising. In order to bring the research findings into practical applications and policy makings, this study will continue the previous work and use the copepods as biological controlling agents for dengue vector larvae. By distributing the copepods in ovitraps and clear ditchwater, the study provides a creative method to attract female mosquitoes to lay eggs and then eliminate their larvae. Schools located in areas where most domestic dengue infections occurred in Kaohsiung and Tainan in 2012 will be selected as trial sites. In cooperation with local biology and natural science teachers, the project of monitoring and controlling dengue vector larvae will be carry out in campus. The trial will start with inspecting the campus to make sure all breeding sources have been removed completely. Then the new bio-control ovitraps and ditchwater will be set and sampling according to the geographic information system. After introducing the copepods to the above environment, changes of mosquito density after source reduction and the effects of copepods will be assessed. This study proposes an eco-friendly sustainable bio-control to eliminate dengue vector larvae. The feasibility of practical use of the copepods as controlling agents in the campus will be evaluated. Whether long-term implementation of copepods can reduce the populations of dengue vector mosquitoes and the risk of the disease transmission will be proved. Furthermore, while carrying out the research project, knowledge about preventing and controlling dengue fever will be deep-rooted in local residents, and actions will be taken in dengue risk areas.劍水蚤登革熱病媒蚊誘卵器CopepodsDengue feverVector mosquitoesOvitraps