2019-08-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/700552摘要：台灣畜牧業因受限於土地面積，大多以高密度飼養的方式養殖家畜禽，因此感染性疾病的發生率較高。畜牧業常見的疾病中，病毒性疾病極為普遍。2011年台灣的豬隻疾病檢診病例中，豬生殖與呼吸症候群病毒（porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus；PRRSV）發生率最高，佔所有豬隻疾病的13%；其次為豬環狀病毒第二型（porcine circovirus type 2；PCV2），佔11%；而兩者混合感染所佔的比例更高達49%。2018年8月1日非洲豬瘟（African swine fever）於中國大陸遼寧省瀋陽市爆發第1起病毒感染案例後，其疫情擴散迅速。至2018年12月25日已擴散至23個省級行政區，計有102例疫情傳出，故非洲豬瘟的疫情實已迫在眉睫。而禽鳥的病毒性疾病中，則以禽流感最為令人聞之色變。據行政院農業委員會動植物防疫檢疫局的統計資料顯示，2015年台灣禽鳥之H5N2禽流感發病數與死亡數均約為百萬隻，而撲殺數則達180萬隻。因此，如何減少病毒性疾病對畜牧業造成的危害與經濟損失，實為一重要的研究議題。中草藥（Chinese herbal medicine）具有悠久的使用歷史，除藥用以外，亦常做為保健食材。近來的研究更證實某些中草藥具有抗病毒活性，其中又以清熱解毒類的中草藥，如梔子、黃芩、黃連、甘草、南板藍、柴胡，以及菊花等最具潛力。本計畫將針對萃取自中草藥之植生素進行抗病毒活性的篩選，並探討其是否具有免疫調節與胃腸功能改善之功效，並確認其對腸道菌相之影響。並將以肉雞飼養試驗確認植生素與益生菌的組合複方是否具有免疫調節、提高抗病毒相關細胞激素的表達，以及胃腸功能改善之功效。另將以離乳仔豬為實驗動物模式，評估植生素與益生菌的組合複方是否具有預防豬流行性下痢病毒（porcine epidemic diarrhea virus；PEDV）感染之效果。期能應用本計畫的研究成果，將植生素與益生菌的組合複方開發為具抗病毒活性之飼料添加物。<br> Abstract: In order to increase the swine and poultry production, it’s commonly to raise animals in areas of high-density population. Therefore, the infectious diseases spread rapidly. Among the infectious diseases, viral diseases play a great role in yield reduction. In the swine industry in Taiwan, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the most widespread disease, followed by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). Recently, an outbreak of African swine fever has been reported in Mainland China. The first case of African swine fever was reported on August 1, 2018 in Shenyang City, Liaoning province. Since then, there has been a rise in the number of cases. A total of 120 cases of African swine fever has so far been reported in 23 provinces and regions. Taiwan is at an imminent risk from an African swine fever introduction. In the poultry industry, outbreaks of avian influenza cause devastating economic losses. More than one million birds were infected by avian influenza virus and about 1.8 million birds were forced to slaughter in 2015 in Taiwan. Therefore, it needs to develop a new strategy for the treatment of viral diseases. Chinese herbal medicines have been used for thousands of years and are beneficial in prevention and treatment of many diseases. Recent evidences showed that some Chinese herbal medicines, such as Gardeniae fructus, Scutellariae radix, Coptidis rhizome, Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizome, Baphicacanthi cusiae Rhizoma et Radix, Bupleuri radix, and Chrysanthemi flos may have antiviral activities. This project is conducted to screen candidate phytogenics extracted from Chinese herbal medicines for antiviral activities. The effect of oral administration of these phytogenics on immunomodulation, improvement of gastrointestinal function, and modulation of gut microbiota of mice and/or rats will be studied. In broiler feeding trials, the effect of oral administration of a combination of phytogenic and probiotic on immunomodulation, expression of antiviral cytokines, and modulation of gut microbiota will be studied. In piglet change trials, the protective effect of a combination of phytogenic and probiotic on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection will be evaluated. The results of this project are expected to promote the development of antiviral feed additives based on the combination of phytogenics and probiotics.植生素益生菌抗病毒活性免疫調節腸道菌相飼料添加物phytogenicsprobioticsantiviral activityimmunomodulationgut microbiotafeed additive