2003-05-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/700414摘要：隨著人類基因圖譜草圖於二０００年六月公布以來，各國產、官、學界莫不戮力發展基因科技，爭取生物、醫學及產業發展進一步的有利位置。同時，基因科技的研究與應用，使得生命本質原本屬於未知與偶然的機會(chance)，逐漸成為可以治療、改造與利用的選擇(choice)，同時也帶來基因科技在生物醫學研究無限的潛力與商機。 基因科技研究與應用的主要方式之一，在於解讀及利用基因資訊。因此基因資訊之取得與利用，可以說是目前基因科技的核心。基因科技的發展，有賴於基因資訊的利用與研究。同時，基因資訊的利用對於公共利益的增進，也具有重要性。例如，基因資訊可以應用於法醫學，協助司法鑑定與犯罪偵查，有效地打擊犯罪。然而，基因資訊的取得與利用又涉及資訊來源者之個人權利，我們如何在保護個人基因資訊與個人基因資訊的合理利用之間，找到一個平衡點，是當前基因科技的研究與應用之重要法律問題。 此外，從基因科技應用的角度而言，人體除了承載著勞力、知識與人格以外，每個人的身體也是一個蘊含豐富基因資訊與可作各種利用的人體組織的儲藏庫。這些新的使用價值相對於原本就由市場機制分配的勞力、知識、甚至人格（例如公眾人物<br> Abstract: With the sequencing of human genome in June 2000, governments, industries, and academia worldwide have been responding vigorously to this new field of biotechnology. The development and application of biotechnology has turned a lot of “chances” into “choices” and created a new market for biotechnology and biomedicine. Beneath the surface of an emerging gene market lies in a set of complex and intersecting issues between market functions, the allocation of gene entitlements, and social and ethical implications. One of the acute issues involved in genetic technology is bioinformatics. As scientists have been able to decode relevant information about our genes, how to obtain and utilize genetic information becomes critical. On the one hand, a proper utilization of genetic information may attribute greatly in the further development of genetic technology as well as the enhancement of public interests. For instance, genetic information may be of critical importance in criminal investigation. On the other hand, however, the attainment and utilization of genetic information are also of greater concern about right to privacy and personal integrity. How to strike a balance between a proper use of genetic information and the protection of personal freedom and right to privacy, therefore, will be the first and foremost issue in this proposed project. In the perspective of genetic technology and market, human genome may have its market value and can be propertied for further utilization and redistribution. Are there any possibilities that we may employ “market” as a strategy to tackle the issues associated with gene patenting and the allocation of gene entitlements? Can law and economic analysis help us determine the value of genes and design an appropriate mechanism for the decision-making and allocation of gene entitlements? Should we see gene or genetic code as a species of property or entitlements for further commercialization? Should researchers, industries, owners and users have an equal access to genes? What are the roles universities, academic institutions and industries may play in the emerging gene market? In conclusion, this project argues that the law and economic analysis and three distributive rules it generates, property rule, liability rule, and rule of inalienability, may help us in resolving related issues concerning the utilization of genetic information, gene patenting, as well as other broader issues embedded in gene market. Admittedly, however, there have been some acute issues that cannot be tackled only in the perspective of law and economic analysis. Concerns about rights and ethics, and even community feelings, have to be taken into due consideration. The project, thus, seeks to find a reflexive, proper, and marketable way in which genetic utilization and distribution may be handled conducive to the development of biotechnology and an institutional paradigm may be built up in pursuit of both social justice and econom基因資訊基因隱私權人格基因專利基因市場基因產權財產原則責任原則不對稱資訊BioinformaticsRight to PrivacyPersonalityGene PatentingGene MarketGenetic EntitlementsProperty RuleLiability RuleImbalanced Information