國立臺灣大學昆蟲學系暨研究所洪淑彬2006-07-252018-06-292006-07-252018-06-292000http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/12553綠豆象是重要的倉貯害蟲，由於生存環 境穩定、寄主資源豐富，往往導致其族群的 大發生。加上其幼蟲為內食性，寄主豆內資 源有限，常有幼蟲競爭現象發生，因此容易 選汰出具有下述適應特性的雌蟲。一般雌蟲 具有辨識寄主品質﹝如：種類、大小或豆上 卵數﹞的能力，而偏好在品質較佳的寄主上 產卵；當棲所中寄主品質較差時，雌蟲往往 減少產卵，降低生殖花費，以尋找較佳的棲 所；此外，成蟲同時發生時，雄蟲常因求偶 干擾雌蟲產卵選擇，而雌蟲可因應寄主的品 質和雄蟲的多寡而有不同的再交尾機率。本 研究目的即在探討這些適應性行為的共通 現象及其機制。 本研究以改變雄蟲密度來探討雌蟲在不 同干擾程度下的適應行為，如：在寄主豆上 的檢查時間、產卵時間、產卵量、及產卵分 佈的改變，並探明其適應意義。結果發現， 隨雄蟲密度的增加，雌蟲花費在產卵上的時 間顯著減短，產卵量降低，但同時亦伴隨著 產卵擁擠度(m*, mean crowding)降低的現 象。因此產卵過程中雌蟲必然在產卵計策 (oviposition tactics)上作了調整；亦即，雌蟲 有可能採行混合型產卵法則(mixture of absolute and relative rule)，以達到較佳之適 應。 藉著由行為觀察所得的產卵決定、產卵 行為的序列資料及寄主大小特性等資料，經 統計分析可建立產卵行為法則，可以瞭解豆 象依循何種法則進行寄主選擇而呈現由大 至小依序接受寄主豆產卵的行為。試驗中以 4 種不同大小之紅豆供豆象產卵，發現較大 的寄主豆被接受產卵的比例較高；以重量分 析，結果相似。當以重量加權來預測不同大 小寄主豆的產卵數時，發現觀測值與期望值 間沒有顯著差異，因此寄主豆重量確是影響 產卵之重要因子。分析1 至3 天的產卵分布 發現，較重的寄主先被豆象利用，當大部份 乾淨寄主被產卵後，較重的1 卵豆才被接受 產卵。顯示產卵過程豆象可能比較寄主豆品 質，或因應環境品質進行產卵接受機率之調 整。Adzuki bean weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis (L.)) is an important stored product pest. The ecological condition of the stored products provides the pest a great opportunity for population outbreak. It tends to lead severe larval competition in a bean and oviposition competition among beans by females. Females with adaptive behavior are always selected when resource are limited. Bruchid females thus developed the ability to discriminate the quality of hosts (e.g., host species, sizes, or the number of eggs on the bean), and prefer to lay eggs on hosts of higher quality. Besides, females will decrease their fecundity to reduce cost of reproduction in a patch with hosts of lower quality. 2 Meanwhile, when males and females emerge at the same time, the solicitation of males always causes harassment on females' oviposition decision. The remating frequency of the female may change to adapt to both the quality of hosts and the number of males. This study will focus on exploring the generalization and underling mechanism of those adaptive behaviors.By manipulation of male density, the adaptations of oviposition behavior of the females can be evaluated from calculation the egg dispersion index (m*, mean crowding), total eggs laid, visitation time and frequency to the host bean, and oviposition time, etc. It shows that, the oviposition time decreases as the male density increases. But the mean crowding decreases as the male density increases. Therefore, there might be some adaptations in the changes of different oviposition tactics; such as shifting between two or more oviposition rules or using mixture rule. These ideas will be explored in the proceeding research. Data from recording the behavioral sequences of this insect can be analyzed to formulate the oviposition rule. Based on the oviposition rule, we can explain why the female may choose largest bean available for oviposition. In the next experiment, each female was provided with 64 adzuki beans of 4 different sizes. Numbers of eggs laid on seeds of different sizes (or weights) were recorded each day for three days. It shows that the proportion of 1-egg seeds increased with increasing size of hosts. Similar result was obtained from analyzing the proportion of 1-egg seeds by host weight. Further, numbers of eggs laid by the female on different size hosts were predicted by weighting the seeds weight. The result shows that there is no significant difference between observation and the prediction by χ2-test. Based on the mean weight of the seed with various eggs on first to third days, it is found that heavier seeds were accepted to lay eggs first, while until most of the clean seeds were laid one egg, heavier 1-egg seeds were accepted. Therefore, the female may compare the quality of sequential encountered seeds or adjusted acceptance probability according to environmental change in her egg-laying process.application/pdf38500 bytesapplication/pdfzh-TW國立臺灣大學昆蟲學系暨研究所reporthttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/12553/1/892313B002025.pdf