CHIA-YANG CHENWang, Sheng WeiSheng WeiWangKim, HyunookHyunookKimPan, Shu YuanShu YuanPanFan, ChihhaoChihhaoFanCHIHHAO FANSHU-YUAN PAN2022-03-232022-03-232021-07-0100431354https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/601706Due to the growing and diverse demands on water supply, exploitation of non-conventional sources of water has received much attention. Since water consumption for irrigation is the major contributor to total water withdrawal, the utilization of non-conventional sources of water for the purpose of irrigation is critical to assuring the sustainability of water resources. Although numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate and manage non-conventional water sources, little research has reviewed the suitability of available water technologies for improving water quality, so that water reclaimed from non-conventional supplies could be an alternative water resource for irrigation. This article provides a systematic overview of all aspects of regulation, technology and management to enable the innovative technology, thereby promoting and facilitating the reuse of non-conventional water. The study first reviews the requirements for water quantity and quality (i.e., physical, chemical, and biological parameters) for agricultural irrigation. Five candidate sources of non-conventional water were evaluated in terms of quantity and quality, namely rainfall/stormwater runoff, industrial cooling water, hydraulic fracturing wastewater, process wastewater, and domestic sewage. Water quality issues, such as suspended solids, biochemical/chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, total nitrogen, bacteria, and emerging contaminates, were assessed. Available technologies for improving the quality of non-conventional water were comprehensively investigated. The potential risks to plants, human health, and the environment posed by non-conventional water reuse for irrigation are also discussed. Lastly, three priority research directions, including efficient collection of non-conventional water, design of fit-for-purpose treatment, and deployment of energy-efficient processes, were proposed to provide guidance on the potential for future research.enDecentralization | Irrigation | Nutrients | Treatment technology | Wastewater | Water quality[SDGs]SDG3[SDGs]SDG6review10.1016/j.watres.2021.117193https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105272886&doi=10.1016%2fj.watres.2021.117193&partnerID=40&md5=a6d70a9d861ac3d36e3c6dafc9e31c7f339715322-s2.0-85105272886WOS:000659350200009https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85105272886