陳榮河臺灣大學:土木工程學研究所張志銘Chang, Chih-MingChih-MingChang2010-07-012018-07-092010-07-012018-07-092009U0001-1308200915411200http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/187920本研究之模型試驗分為乾砂邊坡滑動破壞和降雨入滲引致之邊坡破壞兩部份；藉由室內物理模型-邊坡滑動試驗儀分上坡、下坡及水平堆積區，以越南石英砂和粉土為試驗材料，探討乾砂滑動行為及降雨入滲引致之邊坡破壞機制。 乾砂滑動破壞之觀察，係使用質點影像分析儀(Particle Image Velocimetry, PIV)，針對坡度、坡高兩項變因進行探討，分析求得滑動深度、衝擊力等參數並根據能量守恆定律與滑動塊體之假設推導出一簡化公式，以推估滑動影響範圍。 入滲試驗模擬前期降雨與地形集水之情形，由上坡平台集水均勻入滲，針對邊坡內部不同地質條件、細料含量及降雨強度，量測探討入滲歷程中水壓、含水量變化與破壞後土體堆積的情形。 試驗結果發現，純砂之邊坡無論是否有設置不透水層，皆為滑動型破壞，均由坡趾處先產生管湧，再以後退式向上坡發展；有不透水層之情況下，破壞較為連續且迅速，破壞時邊坡內部含水量瞬間上升，上下坡交界處於破壞前亦有含水量起伏之情形。 砂土中加入10%粉土時，破壞模式轉為流動型，於上坡面接近平台處產生顯著之沖蝕孔洞，破壞前上邊坡含水量即有異常變化之情形且平台處含水量上升趨勢較純砂試驗明顯。又因流動破壞主要挾帶砂土，故流動性佳、流速快，影響範圍比純砂之滑動型破壞為大。 對較低滲透性之砂質土壤(含10%粉土)來說，降雨強度對邊坡破壞時間之影響並不顯著，受限於材料之滲透性，易於入滲面產生積水並形成地表逕流沿坡面流失，僅部分雨水產生入滲對邊坡破壞造成影響。In order to understand the slope failure mechanism of slopes due to rainfall infiltration, physical models of slopes composed of sand and silt were used to perform tests. Two kinds of model tests carried out in this study were: (1) sliding of dry sand slope, (2) slope failure due to rainfall infiltration. The particle image velocimetry (PIV) and the impact measurement device were utilized to investigate the impact force and the influencial area of the sliding of dry sand slopes. Different geological situations, fines content of slope and rainfall intensity were taken into consideration to understand the slope failure due to rainfall infiltration. Water was permeated into the slope from the top. The pore water pressure, the water content and the deposition of soil mass were measured. Test results show that failure of pure sand slopes was a sliding type. Water flow caused piping at the toe of the slope, and then retrogressed upward along the slope. The water content within slope increased suddenly when the sliding occurred. The flow type, failure occurred for slopes with 10% silt content, In addition, an erosion hole was observed on the upper slope near the crest. The failure mass contained a lot of water. Therefore, its mobility was better, flow velocity was fast, and the deposition area was wider than those of pure sand slopes.摘要 Ibstract II錄 III目錄 V目錄 VI號說明 IX一章　緒論 1.1 前言 1.2 研究動機與目的 1.3 研究方法 2.4 研究內容 2二章　文獻回顧 5.1 不飽和土壤之特性 5.1.1 土壤保水特性 5.1.2 不飽和土壤滲透係數 6.1.3 不飽和土壤剪力強度 8.2 顆粒於空氣中之運動 8.3 乾砂邊坡滑動破壞之相關研究 9.4 降雨引致邊坡破壞之相關研究 11三章　模型試驗 21.1 材料基本性質 21.1.1 越南石英砂 21.1.2 粉土 21.2 模型設計 22.2.1 砂箱模型與抽取設備 22.2.2 霣降設備 23.2.3 攝影設備 23.2.4 供水設備 24.2.5 降雨裝置 25.3 試驗儀器 27.3.1 質點影像測速儀(PIV) 27.3.2 荷重原件及槓桿裝置 27.3.3 水分計 28.3.4 水壓計 29.4 試驗規劃 29.5 試驗過程 29.5.1 乾砂滑動試驗 30.5.2 降雨入滲試驗 30四章 試驗結果與討論 57.1 乾砂滑動試驗 57.1.1 動態衝擊力分析 57.1.2 影響範圍分析 59.2 降雨入滲試驗 61.2.1 地質條件對邊坡破壞之影響 62.2.2 粉土含量對邊坡破壞之影響 65.2.3 降雨強度對邊坡破壞之影響 67五章 結論與建議 99.1 結論 99.2 建議 101考文獻 1033330249 bytesapplication/pdfen-US模型試驗砂性土壤邊坡入滲破壞model testssandy soilsslopesinfiltrationfailurethesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/187920/1/ntu-98-R96521108-1.pdf