指導教授：傅立成臺灣大學：電機工程學研究所林佳勳Lin, Chia-HsunChia-HsunLin2014-11-282018-07-062014-11-282018-07-062014http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/262902五十肩，或稱為冰凍肩，是一個與肩部關節功能相關的疾病。臨床上普及率約在2%至5%，好發於40至65歲族群。在眾多的治療策略當中，物理治療是最為常見且容易實行的方式，其中，在超過疼痛點的往復運動、以及最大化極限點附近的停留時間將對五十肩復健有益。 本研究中設計並實作出了新一代的八自由度復健機器手臂NTUH-II，此機械手臂能提供上肢復健的各種模式需求，包含被動、主動、輔助主動模式。新一代機械手臂相較於上一代機械手臂有許多進步之處，如更大的肩關節屈伸活動角度、肩部定位雷射工具、左右互換功能、肩部牽引功能等。 本研究結合了復健醫學以及電機工程上的知識背景。從肌肉伸展的張力及角度關係出發，可發現一指數形式之曲線，再根據此建構出一病患個人狀況模型，及評估病患的動作品質。本研究著重探討僵直性(Stiffness)此參數，進而提出動態僵直性模型及輔助力矩增益函數的建構方式。 本研究提出的控制演算法能針對不同位五十肩病患的需求，個人化出不同的復健療程。而在本論文最後部份，呈現足以驗證本研究所提出理論之許多實驗成果。Frozen shoulder is a functional disorder related to shoulder muscles. Among many treatment strategies, rehabilitation exercise is one of the most common and viable therapy. In this research, a new 8 degrees of freedom (DOFs) rehabilitation robot arm named NTUH-II has been developed for frozen shoulder rehabilitation in our laboratory. The robot arm is able to provide most of upper limb rehabilitation motions in passive, active, and assistive modes. There are many improvements for NTUH-II from the previous version NTUH-ARM, also developed in our laboratory such as larger shoulder flexion/extension range of motion, shoulder localization with laser tools, side-changing, and shoulder traction. This work combines knowledge from rehabilitation medicine to robotic engineering. From the nature of muscle stretching, the exponential torque-angle relationship curve can be found, and thus it is possible to model and evaluate the condition of the patient’s motion quality. The use of two parameters, stiffness and control authority, is proposed in this work. Based on these two parameters, an adjustment method of dynamic stiffness model and assistance torque gain is developed and implemented on NTUH-II. The control algorithm proposed in this research can customize the rehabilitation to meet the individual needs of frozen shoulder patients. Various experiments have been conducted on healthy subjects in National Taiwan University Hospital, and appealing performance has been observed, which validates the method proposed in this paper.口試委員會審定書 # 誌謝 i 中文摘要 ii ABSTRACT iii CONTENTS iv LIST OF FIGURES vii LIST OF TABLES ix Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Literature Survey 3 1.2.1 Clinical treatments for frozen shoulder 3 1.2.2 Rehabilitation robot arms 3 1.2.3 Comparisons and comments 4 1.3 Contribution 6 1.4 Thesis Organization 7 Chapter 2 Preliminaries 8 2.1 Jacobians 8 2.2 Manipulator’s Dynamic Equations 10 2.3 Lagrangian Formulation 11 2.4 Six-axis Force/Torque Sensor 12 2.5 A Brief Introduction to Frozen Shoulder 14 2.6 Therapeutic Exercises 15 2.6.1 Passive Mode 15 2.6.2 Active Mode 16 2.6.3 Active-Assistive/Resistive Mode 16 2.7 Displacement of Glenohumeral Joint 17 Chapter 3 Design of Rehabilitation Robot NTUH-II 18 3.1 Mechanical Structure 18 3.2 Functions 21 3.2.1 Initialization with potential meters and encoders 21 3.2.2 Localization 23 3.2.3 Side-changing 24 3.2.4 Rehabilitation motions 26 3.3 Safety 26 3.4 Hardware Structure and Software Interface 28 3.4.1 Hardware structure 28 3.4.2 Software interface 31 Chapter 4 Design of Control System 34 4.1 Human Arm Dynamics 34 4.2 Mapping Relationships between Human Arm and Robot Arm 37 4.3 Derivation of Human Interaction force 39 4.3.1 Ideal case 41 4.3.2 Slow case 43 4.3.3 Between case 44 4.4 Muscle Torque-angle Relationship and Stiffness Model 45 4.4.1 Muscle torque-angle relationship 45 4.4.2 Stiffness model 46 4.5 Dynamic Adjustment Algorithm for Frozen Shoulder Rehabilitation in Active Mode 48 4.5.1 Dynamic stiffness model (pure active mode) 48 4.5.2 Dynamic gain function (active-assistive mode) 51 4.6 Applications 54 4.6.1 Shoulder traction 54 4.6.2 Repetitive swing near the end point 55 Chapter 5 Experimental Results 58 5.1 Experimental Setup 58 5.2 Getting Human Arm Intention 59 5.2.1 General case 59 5.2.2 Case with motor joint limitations 61 5.2.3 Multi-joint force coupling 62 5.3 Stiffness Curve 65 5.3.1 Stiffness curve with the same motion but different subjects 65 5.3.2 Stiffness curve with the same subject but different motions 67 5.4 Stiffness Model and Gain Function 68 5.4.1 Building stiffness model 68 5.4.2 Effects of gain function 69 5.4.3 Effects of active-assistive rehabilitation 72 5.5 Passive Shoulder Traction 73 5.6 NTUH-II Overall Function Test with Healthy Subjects 74 Chapter 6 Conclusions 76 REFERENCE 775592921 bytesapplication/pdf論文公開時間：2017/08/17論文使用權限：同意有償授權(權利金給回饋本人)復健機械手臂五十肩上肢復健NTUH-IIthesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/262902/1/ntu-103-R01921002-1.pdf