Du J.-BYang LJin XCHENG-LIANG LIUWang H.-HWang X.-F.2022-11-162022-11-16202209258388https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85121988910&doi=10.1016%2fj.jallcom.2021.163372&partnerID=40&md5=b20d5db831294c05c99aa164abfd633bhttps://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/625527Recently, coupling agents have gradually been applied to perovskite solar cells (PSC) due to their interface modification properties. In this work, Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets with different amounts of silane coupling agent vinyltris (2-methoxyethoxylsilane) (SCA) (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 V/V%) were deposited by spray technique as the hole transport layer (HTL). Taking the advantage of SCA, the interface distribution of Ti3C2Tx after film formation is effectively modulated, while flat, pin-hole free Ti3C2Tx films were obtained with a mixing content of 0.3 V/V%. Superior hole transfer path, enhanced hole extraction, and reduced transfer resistance at the HTL/perovskite interface were achieved due to the better formation of Ti3C2Tx films, thus leading to an increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 11.12% to 13.65%. This work represents an effective method to improve the quality of Ti3C2Tx-based films and provides more possibilities for future research on Ti3C2Tx MXene. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.Hole transport; Perovskite solar cells; Silane coupling agent; Spray deposition; Ti3C2Tx MXene[SDGs]SDG7Coupling agents; Hole mobility; Perovskite; Perovskite solar cells; Hole transport layers; Hole transporting layers; Hole transports; Interface modification; Property; Silane-coupling agents; Spray deposition; Spray technique; Ti3C2Tx mxene; V/V; Depositsjournal article10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.1633722-s2.0-85121988910