鄭克聲Cheng, Ke-Sheng臺灣大學:生物環境系統工程學研究所蘇元風Su, Yuan-FongYuan-FongSu2010-05-052018-06-292010-05-052018-06-292009U0001-2912200814523600http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/181146隨著衛星遙測科技的進步，科學家可更有效率的監測與評估自然環境的變化。在各項環境監測中，全球氣候變遷與水資源議題廣受矚目，其所造成的影響廣泛而深遠，水資源議題(例如洪水、乾旱、水質)與全球氣溫升高均造成嚴重的災害與難以估計的損失。本文應用衛星於環境監測與評估分為三個部份，第一部分是以SPOT衛星監測員山子分洪隧道出口海域水質變化，評估分洪對於該海域水質的影響。研究中提出水體表面反射率反算程序，此程序適用於小區域尺度的遙測應用。傳統海域水質監測多以單變量模式建立推估式，然而水中所含物質例如懸浮顆粒、有機溶解物質與藻類等同時影響水體的光譜反射特性，吾人提出多變量模式可更有效推估水質變數，且符合水質變數物理特性，推估結果明顯優於單變量模式，最後繪製水質變數海域分布圖，供決策單位使用。第二部份，探討土地利用變遷對於週遭空氣溫度改變的評估。普遍而言，土地利用變遷趨勢反映區域環境生態特性，然而土地利用變遷影響週遭空氣溫度，本文以AVHRR影像推估地表溫度，提出新的方式評估AVHRR像元內土地利用類別比例對空氣溫度的影響。第三部份是評估乾旱造成林地植生生理特性改變的監測，使用SPOT衛星計算植生指標，提出以植生指標所定義的林地乾旱等級；同時以NOAA衛星探討林地於植生指標與地表溫度特徵空間的季節變動特性。環境評估須大量資料綜合評估，然而衛星資料提供決策者快速而全面的資訊，為決策與防治程序中有效率的工具之一。With the fast advancement of remote sensing technology, efficient and timely monitoring of environmental changes has become a reality. Among all kinds of environmental monitoring, climate changes and water resources are of most concern due to their extensive and potentially devastating impact. In this dissertation, feasibilities of three types of environmental monitoring – coastal water quality monitoring, effect of landcover changes on ambient air temperature, and forest drought monitoring using remote sensing techniques are investigated. multivariate water quality estimation model which can take into consideration the combined effect of various seawater constituents on water surface reflectance was proposed. The multivariate model was found to be superior to traditional univariate models. Changes in coverage ratio of individual landcover types within a NOAA pixel affect the NOAA-pixel average air temperature. Forest drought monitoring involves drought classification using NDVI derived from SPOT images. Seasonal variations of NDVI and ambient air temperature were assessed using multispectral SPOT images and NOAA thermal images.Abstract i要 iiontents iiiist of Tables vist of Figures vihapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Environmental monitoring and remote sensing techniques 1.2 Objectives 3.3 Structure 4eferences 4hapter 2 Water quality monitoring using remotely sensed data 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Study area and materials 12.3 Retrieval of reflectance 15.4 Water quality estimation model assessment 26.5 Conclusions 35eferences 38hapter 3 Assessing the effect of landcover changes on air temperature using remote sensing images 43.1 Introduction 43.2 Energy exchange between the land surface and the atmosphere 46.3 Study area and remote sensing data set 49.4 Land surface temperature estimation using NOAA images 49.5 Estimating the landcover-specific surface temperatures 54.6 Pixel-average air temperature estimation 61.7 Effect of landcover types on ambient air temperatures 65.8 Conclusions 72eferences 73hapter 4 Forest Drought Monitoring 77.1 Introduction 77.2 Study Area and Materials 80.3 Drought indices 86.4 Results and discussion 90.4.1 Drought classification using SPOT image 91.4.2 Comparison between NDVI values derived from SPOT and AVHRR 95.4.3 Using AVHRR images for drought assessment 100.5 Conclusions 108eferences 110hapter 5 Summary and future work 113歷 115application/pdf2796172 bytesapplication/pdfen-US環境監測與評估衛星遙測水質多變數模式土地利用變遷空氣溫度乾旱environment monitoring and assessmentremote sensingwater qualitymultivariate modelandcover changeair temperaturedrought[SDGs]SDG13[SDGs]SDG15thesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/181146/1/ntu-98-D93622004-1.pdf