摘要:友善環境耕作、有機農業,是臺灣目前農業發展政策的主要方向之一。茶葉為臺灣主要經濟作物之一,近年來國人飲用茶飲料之習慣提高,且民眾對於有機農產品之接受度與認同度提升,因此有機茶園面積逐年增加,而茶葉也需要符合茶葉生長過程及製作過程之有機驗證,才能以有機茶之名義進行販售。然而,目前有機驗證過程繁瑣,所需資料亦相當多,再加上從事農業之人口多為年齡層偏高之老農,因此大量電子化的資訊對其造成相當大的困擾。此外,有機驗證標章也不一定被民眾所信任。為解決有機農業產銷所面臨之問題,本研究挑選臺大山地農場及民間有機農場作為研究區域,以有機茶園作為研究對象,根據現行業者的生產作業流程模式,設計結合條碼讀取器及穿戴式條碼暨RFID感應裝置,並設計自動感應作業流程登載系統。現場工作人員可依照既定流程,透過掃描資材上的條碼或感應RFID標籤,裝置會自動判讀並透過智慧型手機回傳感應資訊,即可完成生產作業資訊登載,以降低現行產銷履歷登載的難度。而在協助提供有機茶的驗證資料部分,則依據現行臺灣良好農業規範及業者實際作業需求,設計便於掃描條碼或感應RFID標籤的操作軟體,使現場工作人員便於操作登載相關資訊,有效地改善現今人力填寫產銷履歷之不便。透過自動化農業生產管理物聯網系統,落實產銷管理資訊資料的完整性,同時亦可增加上傳產銷履歷資訊之便利性與可信度,藉由區塊鏈之技術,確保上傳資訊具有透明化且不被竄改的特性,並且建立作物履歷系統,提供作物完整且可信任之生長資訊。此外研究中分析評估結合IoT技術及區塊鏈技術所產製之資訊是否可提供做為有機驗證所需之資料或是降低有機驗證之困難度。研究中亦透過質性田野調查,深入訪談有機茶農,了解其施行有機耕種面臨之問題,亦訪談農及民行銷單位,了解在銷售上面臨之現況,分析有機茶葉在行銷上之需求與困境,最後透過教育訓練推廣區塊鏈系統,說明在過程中直接將生產及加工時之資訊上傳至雲端,透過區塊鏈技術加密所有資料所帶來之好處,並實施初步的資訊教育與推廣。 此外,針對有機茶生產時,需要大量氮肥促進生長,但有機肥料的有效氮含量常較少,導致使用量需要較多,而其他病蟲害防治所使用的有機資材也是一項成本,再加上層層驗證的成本,導致有機茶商品常為高價商品,但其品質卻經常受到質疑,因此擬釐清有機資材使用量與實際呈現在有機茶品質上之相關性,並討論養分利用效率受環境溫度、土壤水份含量、品種多方面之影響,分析選用有機資材的種類與有機茶品質間之關係,完成有機資材使用推薦參考乙份,提供農民參考。
Abstract: In recent years, a major development strategy and policy of Taiwan`s agriculture is to transform traditional farming to environmentally friendly farming and organic farming. Tea leaves is an essential cash crops in Taiwan, meanwhile, tea drinking habits has increased significantly among people. The recognition and preference of organic agricultural products has therefore led to gradually increased in organic tea farms. Similar to any other organic products, tea leaves will have to be certified the organic certification with an appropriate growing and handling process to be sold as organic tea. The organic certification process is complicated and requires plenty of documents to be reviewed. However, majority of population that engaged in agricultural farming are middle-aged and older farmers, the electronicalized process and information caused considerable difficulties. Further, the organic certification is not certainly trusted by the public. To resolve the challenges faced by organic agriculture production and marketing, this research will investigates organic tea farms in Highland Experimental Farm of National Taiwan University and nongovernmental organic farm, adopts experiences from current industry`s production process, and design a RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) sensor device which integrates bar code scanner and wearable barcode scanner. In addition, an automatic programming process and registration system will be established. On-site staffs can easily follow the procedure to scan the bar code or sensor the RFID tag on the materials, the sensor device will recognize the information and send it to registration system through smartphone, the process of traceability system for agricultural products becomes more efficient, and reduces the difficulties and complexity. In the meantime, the optimization for organic tea certification will be developed based on Taiwan Good Agricultural Practice (TGAP) and practical demands of industry. Software used to scan the bar codes or RFID tags are expected to reduce the time and manpower in processing the registration and trace for agricultural products. This IoT system based automatic agricultural production management enhances the completeness of production and management data, increases the convenience and credibility of inputted information, which strengthen the traceability of the products. The blockchain technology ensures the transparency of information and prevents the information from alteration. The establishment of crop traceability system provides detailed, complete and verified growth information. Analysis and evaluation will be done to discuss if the information retrieved through integration of IoT and blockchain technology can be adopted in organic certification, as well as reduce the certification process difficulties. Qualitative research including interviews with tea farmers and marketing unit will be taken place to learn the current organic tea farming challenges and sales issues, and identify the present demands and dilemma in organic tea production and marketing. Blockchain system will be promoted through education and training session, which demonstrates the provenience of registering and uploading information to the cloud along with production and handling process, as well as evidence the efficiency of encrypting the information. Nitrogen fertilizer is widely used during the organic tea farming; however the efficiency of nitrogen in organic fertilizers is weakened, which results in a larger amount of usage. Other alliance in pest control and the certification process also increase the prime cost therefore the organic tea often become high-priced products, but public still often question the quality. It is necessary to identify the correlation between organic materials usage during organic farming and the actual product quality. Nutrients efficiency may also be affects by environment temperature, soil moisture, breeds and many other factors. It is important to further investigate and analyze the relationship between organic materials varieties and organic tea quality, and thus develop a recommendation for farmers as reference.