https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/414659
標題: | Spatio-temporal analysis of particulate matter intake fractions for vehicular emissions: Hourly variation by micro-environments in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area, Canada | 作者: | Requia W.J. Adams M.D. Arain A. Koutrakis P. WAN-CHEN LEE Ferguson M. |
關鍵字: | Intake fractions; Particulate matter; Spatio-temporal analysis; Vehicular emissions | 公開日期: | 2017 | 出版社: | Elsevier B.V. | 卷: | 599-600 | 起(迄)頁: | 1813-1822 | 來源出版物: | Science of the Total Environment | 摘要: | Previous investigations have reported intake fraction (iF) for different environments, which include ambient concentrations (outdoor exposure) and microenvironments (indoor exposure). However, little is known about iF variations due to space-time factors, especially in microenvironments. In this paper, we performed a spatio-temporal analysis of particulate matter (PM2.5) intake fractions for vehicular emissions. Specifically, we investigated hourly variation (12:00 am–11:00 pm) by micro-environments (residences and workplaces) in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA), Canada. We used GIS modeling to estimate air pollution data (ambient concentration, and traffic emission) and population data in each microenvironment. Our estimates showed that the total iF at residences and workplaces accounts for 85% and 15%, respectively. Workplaces presented the highest 24 h average iF (1.06 ppm), which accounted for 25% higher than residences. Observing the iF by hour at residences, our estimates showed the highest average iF at 2:00 am (iF = 3.72 ppm). These estimates indicate that approximately 4 g of PM2.5 emitted from motor vehicles are inhaled for every million grams of PM2.5 emitted. For the workplaces, the highest exposure was observed at 10:00 am, with average iF equal to 2.04 ppm. The period of the day with the lower average iF for residences was at 8:00 am (average iF = 0.11 ppm), while for the workplaces was at 4:00 am (average iF = 0.47 ppm). Our approach provides a new perspective on human exposure to air pollution. Our results showed significant hourly variation in iF across the GTHA. Our findings can be incorporated in future investigations to advance environmental health effects research and human health risk assessment. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. |
URI: | https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019844933&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2017.05.134&partnerID=40&md5=039696c46f45452be49bf093bca9a263 https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/414659 |
ISSN: | 489697 | DOI: | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.134 | SDG/關鍵字: | Air pollution; Health risks; Pollution; Population statistics; Risk assessment; Toxic materials; Ambient concentrations; Environmental health; Human health risk assessment; Intake fraction; Intake fraction (iF); Particulate Matter; Spatiotemporal analysis; Vehicular emission; Particulate emissions; atmospheric pollution; GIS; health impact; health risk; modeling; particulate matter; pollution exposure; spatiotemporal analysis; traffic emission; workplace; ambient air; Article; breathing rate; Canada; environmental exposure; exhaust gas; land use; microenvironment; particulate matter; population size; priority journal; spatiotemporal analysis; workplace; air pollution; article; Canada; environmental health; health hazard; human; microenvironment; motor vehicle; risk assessment; spatiotemporal analysis; Canada; Hamilton [Ontario]; Ontario [Canada]; Toronto |
顯示於: | 環境與職業健康科學研究所 |
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