摘要:本計畫為底泥污染風險評估平台建置計畫,內容包括建置污染底泥學術交流平台,辦理兩場次全天之底泥學術研討會及分組專家座談會,邀請國內外專家學者進行專題演講與議題討論,增進國內外底泥技術交流,期提升我國底泥整治相關能力與技術。並協助環保署建立污染底泥風險評估平台管理委員會,蒐集彙整國內污染底泥學者人才及研究設備資料,派員參加國際會議進行學術交流及每月提供國際新知;底泥物理部份包括底泥物理特性之量測及模擬推估方法的建立,並選定一處污染較嚴重之場址,進行採樣調查;底泥化學部份包括底泥重金屬之吸脫附反應動力影響及重金屬之硫化物的溶解沉澱潛勢的影響,新興污染物於底泥之傳輸機制及採樣技術建立的探討;底泥生態風險部份包括研擬我國生態風險評估所需技術指引並進行生物毒性試驗;底泥健康風險部份包括研析底泥之暴露及傳輸途徑,蒐集國外食用水產之攝食建議資訊,研析如何整合生物可利用性、健康風險評估與風險管理;底泥永續管理及經濟效益部份包括研擬底泥永續管理及經濟效益評估架構,建立國內外底泥污染案例之管理與整治經濟效益分析資料庫,及完成一處國內污染底泥管理或整治案例之經濟效益分析試算。
Abstract: The objective of this project is establishing the risk assessment platform for the contaminated sediment. The research items include: to build the academic exchange platform, to investigate the physical characteristics, to understand the chemical reactions of heavy metals, to establish the ecological and human health risk assessment, and economic analysis methods.We aim to obtain a better understanding of dominant physical parameters that control the dynamics of estuarine muds through numerical analysis. In a tidal river or estuarine system, these include sedimentation, resuspension, upstream loading, and stratification by both the suspended matter and salinity. The simple (1,2D) or complex (3D) numerical model can be used to predict and assess the fate and transport of contaminant sediment in the complex estuarine system.The development of the acoustic surveying techniques to remotely measure the properties of sediment and water.The Itrax-XRF core scanner is capable of providing high-resolution X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements, X-radiography, digitized optical imaging, and magnetic susceptibility measurements of geological materials in a non-destructive way. For the early stage surveys of large number of samples, the Itrax technique is a revolutionary leap by providing the chemical and other sedimentary properties information in a quick and efficient manner. The Influences of pH, salinity and organic matters on the adsorption behavior of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in sediments will be determined. Also, the influences of dissolve oxygen concentration on the stability potential of metal sulfides in sediments will be investigated.Emerging contaminants such as drugs and personal care products have been found in environmental waters. Certain drugs can be transported through natural systems and into the sediment. Due to the lack of information, the implementation of this project includes the analysis of distribution and transmission of emerging contaminants in the environment through relevant literature.The methodology development of ecological risk assessment (ERA) for sediment contamination involved three major tasks: (1) establishment of baseline ERA methods for effect assessment and risk characterization with reference to the Technical Manual of USEPA Hudson River; (2) The micorbial toxicity tests will be estimated by both Vibrio fischeri and Athrobacter globiformis. Total viable cell counts and adenosin triphosphate concentration will also be measured for total microbial activity estimation; (3) The embryo of medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) will be used as a vertebrate model organism for the sediment toxicity assay. The acute mortality of medaka embryos will be assessed with exposures to the whole sediment or sediment pore water.Due to the precipitation and accumulation of the pollutants in the sediment, the human health will be threatened by exposing to the sediment and or to surface water polluted by pollutants released from sediment. Therefore, this study’s purpose is to build the mechanism of sediment’s health risk assessment and risk management. This mechanism includes: (1) investigating health risk exposure by the pollutants released and transported cross sediment and surface water, (2) collecting the guidance of ingesting aquatic products (fishes, shellfish, and crustaceans) and suggesting the cooking methods and the recommendation/notification for aquatic products ingestion, (3) integrating the bioavailability, health risk assessment and risk management.With the aim of managing sediments sustainably, this economic assessment focuses on quantifying remediation costs and benefits. Additionally, it is necessary to establish a worldwide database of sediment remediation; thus two domestic surveys will be conducted. A trial cost-benefit analysis of a local case will also be brought into practice.