New perspectives of biomarkers for the management of chronic hepatitis B
Journal
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology
Journal Volume
22
Journal Issue
4
Pages
423-431
Date Issued
2016
Author(s)
Lin C.-L.
Abstract
With recent advances in molecular and genomic investigations, the impact of hepatitis B viral and host factors on the progression of chronic HBV infection has been explored. For viral factors, hepatitis B viral load is a strong predictor for liver disease progression. Hepatitis B viral kinetics appear to be important for successful anti-viral therapy. Serum HBsAg level serves as a complementary marker to viral load for the prediction of HBV-related adverse outcomes in patients with low viral load. In those with low viral load, high serum HBsAg level is associated with higher risks of cirrhosis and HCC. Hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) induces host immune responses, and the reduction of the HbcrAg level as well as the increment of total anti-HBc level are significantly associated with favorable outcomes. HBV genotypes (genotype C/D) and mutants (basal core promoter and deletion mutation in pre-S genes) are well known viral genetic markers to predict disease progression. For host factors, serum inflammatory biomarkers have been developed to evaluate the HBV-associated hepatic necroinflammation and fibrosis. Host single nucleotide polymorphism on sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP, an HBV entry receptor) may be associated with a decreased risk for cirrhosis and HCC. In conclusion, patients with chronic hepatitis B should be evaluated with relevant viral and host markers to identify those who are at a higher risk of liver disease progression and then receive timely antiviral therapy. ? 2016 by The Korean Association for the Study of the Liver.
Subjects
Chronic hepatitis B; HBcrAg; HBsAg; HBV DNA; Total anti-HBc
SDGs
Other Subjects
alanine aminotransferase; biological marker; hepatitis B surface antigen; biological marker; cotransporter; hepatitis B surface antigen; hepatitis B(e) antigen; organic anion transporter; sodium-bile acid cotransporter; virus DNA; antiviral therapy; chronic hepatitis B; disease course; gene mutation; human; immune response; immunological tolerance; inflammation; liver cirrhosis; nonhuman; Review; single nucleotide polymorphism; tumor microenvironment; virus load; blood; complication; genetics; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B, Chronic; liver cirrhosis; risk factor; Biomarkers; DNA, Viral; Hepatitis B e Antigens; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Risk Factors; Symporters
Publisher
Korean Association for the Study of the Liver
Type
review