Eugenol Triggers Different Pathobiological Effects on Human Oral Mucosal Fibroblasts 1
Journal
Journal of Dental Research
Journal Volume
73
Journal Issue
5
Pages
1050-1055
Date Issued
1994
Author(s)
Abstract
Pathobiological effects of eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol), a major constituent of betel quid (BQ), were studied on oral mucosal fibroblasts. At a concentration higher than 3 mmol/L, eugenol was cytotoxic to oral mucosal fibroblasts in a concentration-and time-dependent manner. Cell death was associated with intracellular depletion of glutathione (GSH). Most of the GSH was depleted prior to the onset of cell death. At concentrations of 3 mmol/L and 4 mmol/L, eugenol depleted about 45% and 77% of GSH after one-hour incubation. In addition, eugenol decreased cellular ATP level in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Eugenol also inhibited lipid peroxidation. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation was partially explained by its dose-dependent inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity. The IC50 of eugenol on xanthine oxidase activity was about 0.3 mmol/L. No DNA strand break activity for eugenol was found at concentrations between 0.5 and 3 mmol/L. Taken together, frequent exposure of oral mucosa to a high concentration of eugenol during the chewing of BQ might be involved in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis and oral cancer via its cytotoxicity. In contrast, eugenol at a concentration less than 1 mmol/L might protect cells from the genetic attack of reactive oxygen species via inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity and lipid peroxidation. ? 1994, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.
SDGs
Other Subjects
adenosine triphosphate; eugenol; glutathione; mutagenic agent; xanthine oxidase; article; betel nut; chemistry; DNA damage; dose response; drug effect; fibroblast; human; lipid peroxidation; medicinal plant; mouth mucosa; mutagen testing; Adenosine Triphosphate; Areca; DNA Damage; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Eugenol; Fibroblasts; Glutathione; Human; Lipid Peroxidation; Mouth Mucosa; Mutagenicity Tests; Mutagens; Plants, Medicinal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Xanthine Oxidase
Type
journal article