https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/39169
標題: | 正常老年人時序記憶功能之研究 Temporal Order Memory in Normal Aging |
作者: | 鄧夙舫 Teng, Su-Fan |
關鍵字: | 正常老年人;時序記憶;額葉功能;抑制干擾功能;Normal aging;temporal order memory;prefrontal lobe functions;inhibitory control of interference | 公開日期: | 2005 | 摘要: | 腦部損傷研究證實額葉(prefrontal lobe)與時序記憶(temporal order memory)有關(Moscovitch & Winocur, 1995)。Shimamura(1995)認為時序記憶缺損,是由於無法抑制不相關的搜尋策略所致。Fuster(1997)更提出額葉的主要功能在於「以適當的時間架構整合行為」的假設,認為額葉透過工作記憶(working memory)、計畫能力(planning)、及抑制干擾(inhibitory control of interference)等功能統合時間(temporal synthesis or integration),組織目標導向(goal-directed)的新行為。 許多研究(Prull, Gabrieli, & Bunge, 2000; Raz, 2000)顯示額葉特別容易受到老化的影響,且額葉退化與正常老年人的某些記憶退化有關。國外文獻證實正常老年人的時序記憶功能退化(McCormack, 1982, 1984; Newman, Allen, & Kaszniak, 2001; Wegesin, Jacobs, Zubin, Ventura, & Stern, 2000),與額葉功能退化有關(Fabiani & Friedman, 1997)。然而其結果無法排除因人口學變項或其他認知功能差異所導致的可能性;加上研究取樣的老年人,平均教育程度多為大學程度。國內老年人相較於國外,教育程度偏低,是否可以完全套用國外研究結果至國內樣本,仍需進一步研究。此外,少有實徵研究探討正常老年人時序記憶功能退化的心理機轉。因此,本研究改善國外研究方法上的缺失,嘗試建立本國一般教育程度老年人時序記憶的資料;並進一步探討正常老年人時序記憶功能可能的神經心理機制。主要的研究問題包括:(1)正常老年人的時序記憶功能相較於正常年輕人是否呈現退化?(2)若是,則正常老年人的時序記憶退化是否與額葉功能退化有關?(3)正常老年人的時序記憶是否受語意相似性干擾? 共有30位來自於社區的正常老年人,與30位正常年輕控制組參與本研究。年輕組在性別、教育程度、以及語文智力功能與老年組無顯著差異。每位受試者皆單獨受測排序作業,是非再認作業,以及神經心理功能檢查。 研究結果發現:(1)正常老年人的時序記憶功能較正常年輕人差;(2)正常老年人的時序記憶退化,似乎與額葉功能退化有關;(3)正常老年人的時序記憶易受語意相似性干擾,而「抑制干擾功能缺損」是影響時序記憶缺損可能的原因。此外,本研究採用語意相似列表的排序作業,發現正常老年人真實記憶與錯誤記憶兩者可相互分離的現象。 本研究結果顯示正常老年人的時序記憶功能退化,而語意記憶功能則無明顯退化,進一步證實國外研究(Craik, 2000; Raz, 2000)發現正常老年人的額葉功能明顯退化,但顳葉功能則無明顯退化的結果。然而,本研究藉由相關分析與迴歸分析的結果,推論老年人時序記憶退化之神經機制,是一限制。未來研究可加入結構性或功能性神經影像的測量工具,來加以定位老年人時序記憶功能退化與腦部位功能的關係。 Review of literature shows that deficits of temporal order memory have often been evident in patients with lesions of the prefrontal lobe. Since a large body of studies indicates that the negative impact of aging process on the prefrontal lobe is greater than on other brain areas, it would be expected that older adults might also have difficulty in remembering the temporal order of events. In fact, some studies revealed that older adults manifested such a memory problem, which was associated with age-related prefrontal lobe dysfunction. However, methodological drawbacks, such as confounding variables of the demographical data and content memory problem might contribute to these findings. Thus, the author made an attempt to minimize these pitfalls in the present study, in order to explore the temporal order memory function in normal aging and the possible underlying neuropsychological mechanism. Thirty normal older adults and 30 normal young controls matched for the sex, education level and VIQ of the WAIS-R were participated in the study. All subjects received a battery of neuropsychological tests, a temporal order memory task, and a recognition memory task. The results revealed that, (1) the temporal order memory function in normal aging was worse than in their normal young counterparts. (2) Age-related temporal order memory deficits were possibly related to age-related prefrontal function change. (3) Semantic similarity impaired temporal order memory in normal aging. It was suggested that deficits in inhibitory control of interference could result in temporal order memory problem. (4) Moreover, results of the temporal order memory task revealed that true memory and false memory in normal aging were dissociable. Based on the present results, it appeared that the prefrontal lobe function, such as temporal order memory, was compromised in normal aging, while the temporal lobe function, such as semantic memory, was relatively spared. However, since the possible neurological mechanism underlying temporal order memory was inferred by results of correlation and regression analysis, further investigation on this issue with structural or functional neuroimaging procedures is merited. |
URI: | http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/55896 | 其他識別: | zh-TW |
顯示於: | 心理學系 |
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ntu-94-R90227021-1.pdf | 23.53 kB | Adobe PDF | 檢視/開啟 |
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