Transshipment model-based linear programming formulation for targeting hybrid power systems with power loss considerations

Abstract

This article aims at targeting the minimum electricity outsourced from the grid and the minimum battery capacity for temporal storage of surplus power in a HPS (hybrid power systems) with known power demands and RE (renewable energy) sources. The given continuous or intermittent power demands and RE supplies can be AC (alternating current) or DC (direct current) with known average power ratings without uncertainty. An ETM (expanded transshipment model) is proposed to determine the allocation of electricity generated from RE sources as well as the storage and outsourcing policies for electricity surplus and deficit. This model also considers possible power losses from the conversion between AC and DC, the charging (for storage) and discharging of electricity (to supplement RE supply), and self-discharge during storage. The problem of targeting the electricity outsourcing and storage for an HPS is formulated as a LP (linear program). A literature example is used to demonstrate the application of the proposed ETM. The promising results show that the proposed model can provide preliminary analysis for optimal power management in an HPS, and is an improved method compared to the PPA (power pinch analysis). ? 2014 Elsevier Ltd.