Omega-3 fatty acids-enriched fish oil activates AMPK/PGC-1α signaling and prevents obesity-related skeletal muscle wasting
Journal
Marine Drugs
Journal Volume
17
Journal Issue
6
Date Issued
2019
Author(s)
Abstract
Obesity is known to cause skeletal muscle wasting. This study investigated the effect and the possible mechanism of fish oil on skeletal muscle wasting in an obese rat model. High-fat (HF) diets were applied to induce the defects of lipid metabolism in male Sprague-Dawley rats with or without substitution of omega-3 fatty acids-enriched fish oil (FO, 5%) for eight weeks. Diets supplemented with 5% FO showed a significant decrease in the final body weight compared to HF diet-fed rats. The decreased soleus muscle weights in HF diet-fed rats could be improved by FO substitution. The decreased myosin heavy chain (a muscle thick filament protein) and increased FOXO3A and Atrogin-1 (muscle atrophy-related proteins) protein expressions in soleus muscles of HF diet-fed rats could also be reversed by FO substitution. FO substitution could also significantly activate adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), and PPARγ protein expression and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expression in soleus muscles of HF diet-fed rats. These results suggest that substitution of FO exerts a beneficial improvement in the imbalance of lipid and muscle metabolisms in obesity. AMPK/PGC-1α signaling may play an important role in FO-prevented obesity-induced muscle wasting. ? 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Subjects
AMP-activated protein kinase; Fish oil; Obesity; Skeletal muscle wasting
Other Subjects
atrogin 1; fish oil; hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase kinase; lipid; lipoprotein lipase; messenger RNA; myosin heavy chain; omega 3 fatty acid; peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha; transcription factor FKHRL1; fish oil; hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase kinase; omega 3 fatty acid; peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha; Ppargc1a protein, rat; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; Article; body weight; controlled study; diet supplementation; enzyme phosphorylation; infant; lipid diet; lipid metabolism; male; muscle atrophy; muscle metabolism; nonhuman; obesity; prophylaxis; protein expression; rat; signal transduction; soleus muscle; adverse event; animal; drug effect; metabolism; muscle atrophy; obesity; signal transduction; skeletal muscle; Sprague Dawley rat; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fish Oils; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Atrophy; Obesity; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction
Publisher
MDPI AG
Type
journal article