Microbial indicators for differentiation of human- and pig-sourced fecal pollution
Journal
Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering
Journal Volume
39
Journal Issue
6
Pages
1415-1421
Date Issued
2004
Author(s)
Abstract
Microbial indicators, the ratio of fecal coliforms (FC) to fecal streptococci (FS) and a newly defined enterococcus ratio, were used to differentiate pollution sources. FC/FS values for municipal sewage were significantly higher than those values of the effluent from piggery wastewater. Enterococcus ratio, the ratio of (Enterococcus durans + E. hirae) to (Enterococcus faecalis + E. faecium). of human-sourced wastewater (0.90) was much lower than for pig-sourced wastewater (5.55). When FC/FS and enterococcus ratio were applied to a contaminated river study, both were corresponded well with the population density distribution of humans and pigs. FC/FS and enterococcus ratio are feasible microbial indicators for human- and pig-sourced wastewater pollution identification in field study.
Other Subjects
Coliform bacteria; Contamination; Population statistics; River pollution; Sewage; Wastewater; Water pollution; Fecal coliforms (FC); Fecal streptococci (FS); Population density distributions; Wastewater pollution; Indicators (chemical); article; coliform bacterium; differentiation; Enterococcus; feces analysis; human; microbial contamination; nonhuman; population density; sewage disposal; Streptococcus; swine; waste water management; water sampling; Animals; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterococcus; Environmental Monitoring; Feces; Humans; Population Density; Rivers; Swine; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Water Microbiology; Water Pollutants; Bacteria (microorganisms); Enterococcus; Enterococcus durans; Enterococcus faecalis; Enterococcus faecium; Enterococcus hirae; Streptococcus; Sus scrofa
Type
journal article