Detection of indoxyl sulfate levels in dogs and cats suffering from naturally occurring kidney diseases
Journal
Veterinary Journal
Journal Volume
205
Journal Issue
3
Pages
399-403
Date Issued
2015
Author(s)
Abstract
Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a protein-bound uraemic toxin, has been found to accumulate in the serum of people with renal diseases and is associated with free radical induction, nephrotoxicity cardiovascular toxicity, and osteoblast cytotoxicity. Although IS has been studied in humans and in experimental models, the role of IS in dogs and cats with kidney disease has not been investigated. A high performance liquid chromatography system was applied to detect plasma IS concentrations in non-azotaemic animals (63 dogs, 16 cats) and in animals with renal azotaemia (66 dogs, 69 cats).The IS levels of azotaemic animals were significantly higher (P<0.01) than those of non-azotaemic animals (median [IQR] 20.4 (9.5)mg/L vs. 7.2 (8.8)mg/L for dogs; median [IQR] 21 (18.9)mg/L vs. 14.8 (12.3)mg/L for cats). The IS level was significantly correlated with blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and phosphate concentrations. Dogs with acute kidney injury had significantly higher IS levels (P<0.01) than those with chronic kidney diseases (CKD) (median [IQR] 57.7 (40.8)mg/L vs. 17.7 (25.1)mg/L). When CKD was graded using the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) staging system, IS levels were correlated with CKD severity in both dogs and cats. The IS concentration is directly related to loss of renal function. Further studies are necessary to determine whether measurement of IS provides any additional diagnostic or prognostic information in dogs and cats with kidney disease. ? 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
SDGs
Other Subjects
calcium; chlorine; creatinine; indican; phosphate; potassium; sodium; urea; biological marker; indican; acute kidney failure; Article; calcium blood level; cat; chronic kidney disease; controlled study; correlation analysis; creatinine blood level; disease severity; dog; high performance liquid chromatography; International Renal Interest Society; kidney function; nonhuman; phosphate blood level; potassium blood level; protein blood level; sodium blood level; staging; urea nitrogen blood level; uremia; animal; blood; evaluation study; Kidney Failure, Chronic; veterinary; Animalia; Canis familiaris; Animals; Biomarkers; Cats; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dogs; Indican; Kidney Failure, Chronic
Type
journal article