One-step in situ hydrothermal fabrication of D/A poly(3-hexylthiophene)/TiO2 hybrid nanowires and its application in photovoltaic devices
Journal
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
Journal Volume
4
Journal Issue
3
Pages
908-919
Date Issued
2016
Author(s)
Abstract
In this study, we developed a novel in situ hydrothermal method to fabricate self-assembled P3HT/TiO2 hybrid nanowires, wherein a facile one-step synthetic strategy was utilized to co-organize P3HT molecules and titanium precursors into highly elongated hybrid nanowires, followed by a hydrothermal process in an autoclave to in situ transform the titanium precursors into crystalline TiO2 nanoparticles on the P3HT nanofibrils. P3HT nanofibrils were utilized as a structure-directing motif to achieve a favorable dispersion of electron acceptor (A) TiO2 nanocrystals of 10-15 nm in diameter embossed along the nanofibrils, as well as an efficient electron donor (D) for the nanohybrid. In particular, the crystallization temperature of anatase-phase TiO2 nanoparticles with high crystallinity obtained via the hydrothermal method was significantly reduced to 130 °C in an elevated pressure of ∼7 bars as compared to the conventional calcination temperature of 450 °C at ambient pressure for TiO2 nanocrystal synthesis, therefore, allowing the synergistic one-step fabrication of both highly crystalline TiO2 nanoparticles embossed on highly crystalline long-range ordered P3HT nanofibrils. As a consequence of the structural development, this P3HT/TiO2 embossed nanohybrid could afford significant improvements in its D/A interfacial contact area for effective charge separation without the need for capping ligands typically used in ex situ D/A blend systems, as well as an efficient pathway for charge transport, leading to enhanced optoelectronic properties and device performance. The highest conversion efficiency of 0.14% was presented by the P3HT/TiO2 embossed hybrid device, which was a remarkable improvement as compared to only 0.03% from an ex situ P3HT/TiO2 hybrid device. This novel in situ approach shows a feasible way to fabricate organic/inorganic nanohybrid materials of conjugated copolymers with different inorganic nanoparticles for the applications of future optoelectronic devices. © 2016 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
SDGs
Other Subjects
Crystalline materials; Hydrothermal synthesis; Nanocrystals; Nanofibers; Nanoparticles; Nanostructured materials; Nanowires; Optoelectronic devices; Titanium; Titanium dioxide; Calcination temperature; Crystallization temperature; Hydrothermal fabrications; Optoelectronic properties; Organic/inorganic nanohybrid; Poly (3-hexylthiophene); Situ hydrothermal methods; Structural development; Synthesis (chemical)
Type
journal article