Biologically active components and nutraceuticals in the Monascus-fermented rice: a review
Journal
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Journal Volume
77
Journal Issue
5
Pages
965-973
Date Issued
2008
Author(s)
Abstract
Monascus-fermented rice has traditionally been used as a natural food colorant and food preservative of meat and fish for centuries. It has recently become a popular dietary supplement because of many of its bioactive constituents being discovered, including a series of active drug compounds, monacolins, indicated as the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors for reducing serum cholesterol level. The controversy of its safety has been provoked because a mycotoxin, citrinin, is also produced along with the Monascus secondary metabolites by certain strains or under certain cultivation conditions. This review introduces the basic production process and addresses on the compounds with bioactive functions. Current advances in avoiding the harmful ingredient citrinin are also discussed. ? 2007 Springer-Verlag.
SDGs
Other Subjects
Citrinin; Koji; Monascus; Nutraceuticals; Cholesterol; Enzyme activity; Fermentation; Food preservatives; Fungi; Metabolites; Grain (agricultural product); 4 aminobutyric acid; ankaflavin; antioxidant; cholesterol; citrinin; coloring agent; compactin; dihydromonacolin l; dihydromonacolin MV; dimerumic acid; drug metabolite; food additive; hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor; hypocholesterolemic agent; mevinolin; monacolin J; monacolin L; monacolin m; monascin; monascorubramine; monascorubrin; mycotoxin; nutraceutical; pigment; rubropunctamine; rubropunctatin; unclassified drug; bioactivity; drug; fermentation; food supplementation; fungus; inhibitor; metabolite; rice; serum; antimicrobial activity; antioxidant activity; Bacillus subtilis; biological activity; Candida pseudotropicalis; cholesterol blood level; cholesterol synthesis; drug cytotoxicity; drug effect; drug efficacy; drug mechanism; drug stability; drug structure; drug synthesis; fermentation; hypercholesterolemia; hyperlipidemia; hypertension; immunosuppressive treatment; lipid peroxidation; liquid; liver injury; liver protection; metabolite; Monascus; nonhuman; rice; short survey; skin cancer; solid phase synthesis; spleen cell; Citrinin; Dietary Supplements; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Monascus; Oryza sativa; Pigments, Biological; Monascus
Type
journal article