Expression and the molecular forms of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in canine mammary tumours
Journal
Veterinary and Comparative Oncology
Journal Volume
17
Journal Issue
3
Pages
427-438
Date Issued
2019
Author(s)
Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a new biomarker for renal injury. It is also involved in tumorigenesis of different human cancer types. The oncogenic role of NGAL is related to its molecular forms, and heterodimer formation with matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) promotes human breast cancer (HBC) invasion and metastasis. To date, the levels of NGAL and NGAL/MMP9 complex have not yet been explored in canine mammary tumours (CMTs). Hence, this study aimed to investigate whether NGAL and its molecular forms could be the biomarker for CMT diagnosis. To this end, expression profile of NGAL and MMP9 in mammary epithelial cells as well as in urine samples were detected. By immunohistochemistry staining, NGAL was expressed at variable levels. Unlike HBC, a significant reduction in NGAL expression was demonstrated in benign and malignant CMTs as compared with normal controls. Additionally, NGAL expression was significantly reduced in dogs with metastatic CMTs. By contrast, the mean score of MMP9 expression in ascending order was normal groups, benign, and malignant CMTs. Interestingly, analysis of the molecular form revealed the NGAL/MMP9 complex presents in most mammary tissues and urine of dogs with benign or malignant CMTs, whereas the complex was absent in samples from dogs without CMTs. In conclusion, NGAL and MMP9 are ubiquitously expressed in canine mammary epithelial cells in normal and cancerous status. However, the NGAL/MMP9 complex exclusively presents in mammary tissues and urine of dogs with tumours. ? 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Subjects
canine mammary tumours; MMP9; molecular forms; NGAL; NGAL/MMP9 complex
SDGs
Other Subjects
gelatinase B; heterodimer; neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin; tumor marker; gelatinase B; neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin; animal cell; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; Article; benign breast tumor; breast adenoma; breast cancer; breast carcinoma; breast epithelium cell; breast tumor; cell infiltration; complex formation; controlled study; dog; female; immunocompetent cell; immunohistochemistry; immunoreactivity; inflammation; inflammatory cell; malignant neoplasm; mixed tumor; nonhuman; protein expression; tumor invasion; urine sampling; animal; dog; dog disease; experimental mammary neoplasm; gene expression regulation; genetics; metabolism; physiology; Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Lipocalin-2; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
Type
journal article