The role and mechanism of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer progression
Journal
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Journal Volume
18
Journal Issue
10
Date Issued
2017
Author(s)
Abstract
In prostate cancer (PCa), similar to many other cancers, distant organ metastasis symbolizes the beginning of the end disease, which eventually leads to cancer death. Many mechanisms have been identified in this process that can be rationalized into targeted therapy. Among them, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is originally characterized as a critical step for cell trans-differentiation during embryo development and now recognized in promoting cancer cells invasiveness because of high mobility and migratory abilities of mesenchymal cells once converted from carcinoma cells. Nevertheless, the underlying pathways leading to EMT appear to be very diverse in different cancer types, which certainly represent a challenge for developing effective intervention. In this article, we have carefully reviewed the key factors involved in EMT of PCa with clinical correlation in hope to facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategy that is expected to reduce the disease mortality. ? 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Subjects
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; Metastasis; Prostate cancer progression
SDGs
Other Subjects
androgen receptor; beta catenin; calvasculin; chemokine receptor CXCR4; enzalutamide; fibroblast growth factor; fibroblast growth factor receptor; fibronectin; gelatinase A; gelatinase B; hepatocyte nuclear factor 3alpha; interleukin 6 receptor; long untranslated RNA; mammalian target of rapamycin; microRNA; occludin; sirtuin 1; small untranslated RNA; transcription factor Ets; transcription factor EZH2; transcription factor Slug; transcription factor Snail; transcription factor ZEB1; transforming growth factor beta receptor; Twist related protein 1; uvomorulin; vimentin; Wnt protein; zinc finger protein; long untranslated RNA; microRNA; Akt/mTOR signaling; breast carcinoma; cancer growth; cancer inhibition; cell differentiation; cell migration; cell proliferation; epigenetics; epithelial mesenchymal transition; gene expression; histone modification; human; metastasis; nasopharynx carcinoma; nonhuman; ovary carcinoma; prostate cancer; regulatory mechanism; Review; tumor invasion; animal; disease exacerbation; gene expression regulation; genetic epigenesis; genetics; male; metabolism; pathology; prostate; prostate tumor; Animals; Disease Progression; Epigenesis, Genetic; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Male; MicroRNAs; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; RNA, Long Noncoding
Publisher
MDPI AG
Type
review