Development of Ce-doped TiO 2 activated by X-ray irradiation for alternative cancer treatment
Journal
Ceramics International
Journal Volume
43
Journal Issue
15
Pages
12675-12683
Date Issued
2017
Author(s)
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is limited by its penetration depth because of the selection of photosensitizer and light source. In this study, Ce-doped TiO2 (TiO2:Ce) was synthesized by a modified sol-gel method to act as a photosensitizer activated by low-dose X-rays, less harmful than ionizing radiation, to generate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The A549 cell line was used as the in vitro and in vivo model to evaluate the efficacy of X-ray-irradiated TiO2:Ce to induce cell death. The cell viability significantly decreased with TiO2:Ce exposure under low-dose X-ray irradiation. An LDH assay showed that intracellular TiO2:Ce under X-ray irradiation was cytotoxic to A549 cancer cells. TiO2:Ce produced significant ROS under low-dose X-ray irradiation and promoted apoptosis/necrosis of A549 cancer cells. TiO2:Ce can enhance the efficacy of X-ray-induced PDT, and tumor growth was inhibited in vivo. The mechanisms underlying ROS generation by TiO2:Ce activated by X-ray irradiation to induce cell toxicity, thereby inhibiting tumor growth, is discussed. ? 2017 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.
Subjects
Alternative cancer therapy; Ce-doped TiO2; Reactive oxygen species; X-ray
SDGs
Other Subjects
Cell culture; Cell death; Cytology; Cytotoxicity; Diseases; Ionizing radiation; Irradiation; Light sources; Photodynamic therapy; Photosensitizers; Radiation; Sol-gel process; Sol-gels; Tumors; X rays; A549 cell lines; Cancer therapy; Ce-doped; Modified sol-gel method; Photodynamic therapy (PDT); Reactive oxygen species; Ros generations; X ray irradiation; Cells
Type
journal article