Accumulation and toxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in cells and experimental animals
Journal
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Journal Volume
17
Journal Issue
8
Date Issued
2016
Author(s)
Jarockyte, G.
Daugelaite, E.
Stasys, M.
Statkute, U.
Poderys, V.
Tseng, T.-C.
Hsu, S.-H.
Karabanovas, V.
Rotomskis, R.
Abstract
The uptake and distribution of negatively charged superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (SPIONs) in mouse embryonic fibroblasts NIH3T3, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal influenced by SPIONs injected into experimental animals, were visualized and investigated. Cellular uptake and distribution of the SPIONs in NIH3T3 after staining with Prussian Blue were investigated by a bright-field microscope equipped with digital color camera. SPIONs were localized in vesicles, mostly placed near the nucleus. Toxicity of SPION nanoparticles tested with cell viability assay (XTT) was estimated. The viability of NIH3T3 cells remains approximately 95% within 3-24 h of incubation, and only a slight decrease of viability was observed after 48 h of incubation. MRI studies on Wistar rats using a clinical 1.5 T MRI scanner were showing that SPIONs give a negative contrast in the MRI. The dynamic MRI measurements of the SPION clearance from the injection site shows that SPIONs slowly disappear from injection sites and only a low concentration of nanoparticles was completely eliminated within three weeks. No functionalized SPIONs accumulate in cells by endocytic mechanism, none accumulate in the nucleus, and none are toxic at a desirable concentration. Therefore, they could be used as a dual imaging agent: as contrast agents for MRI and for traditional optical biopsy by using Prussian Blue staining. ? 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Subjects
Cellular uptake; Iron oxide; Magnetic nanoparticles; MRI-optical dual imaging; Multifunctional cancer diagnostics; Optical biopsy of tissues cells; SPIONs
SDGs
Other Subjects
superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle; contrast medium; ferric ion; ferric oxide; metal nanoparticle; adult; animal cell; Article; cell counting; cell migration; cell proliferation; cell viability; controlled study; cytotoxicity; drug accumulation; drug synthesis; image analysis; nonhuman; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; particle size; rat; toxicity testing; X ray powder diffraction; zeta potential; 3T3 cell line; animal; atomic force microscopy; intramuscular drug administration; metabolism; mouse; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Wistar rat; Animals; Contrast Media; Ferric Compounds; Injections, Intramuscular; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Metal Nanoparticles; Mice; Microscopy, Atomic Force; NIH 3T3 Cells; Rats; Rats, Wistar
Type
journal article