Ginkgo biloba extract reduces high-glucose-induced endothelial adhesion by inhibiting the redox-dependent interleukin-6 pathways
Journal
Cardiovascular Diabetology
Journal Volume
11
Pages
49
Date Issued
2012
Author(s)
Abstract
Background: Chronic elevation of glucose level activates vascular inflammation and increases endothelial adhesiveness to monocytes, an early sign of atherogenesis. This study aimed to elucidate the detailed mechanisms of high-glucose-induced endothelial inflammation, and to investigate the potential effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), an antioxidant herbal medicine, on such inflammation.Materials and methods: Human aortic endothelial cells were cultured in high glucose or mannitol as osmotic control for 4 days. The expression of cytokines and adhesion molecules and the adhesiveness of endothelial cells to monocytes were examined. The effects of pretreatment of GBE or N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant, were also investigated.Results: Either high glucose or mannitol significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, interleukin-6 secretion, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression, as well as endothelial adhesiveness to monocytes. The high-glucose-induced endothelial adhesiveness was significantly reduced either by an anti-ICAM-1 antibody or by an interleukin-6 neutralizing antibody. Interleukin-6 (5 ng/ml) significantly increased endothelial ICAM-1 expression. Piceatannol, a signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1/3 inhibitor, but not fludarabine, a STAT1 inhibitor, suppressed high-glucose-induced ICAM-1 expression. Pretreatment with GBE or N-acetylcysteine inhibited high-glucose-induced ROS, interleukin-6 production, STAT1/3 activation, ICAM-1 expression, and endothelial adhesiveness to monocytes.Conclusions: Long-term presence of high glucose induced STAT3 mediated ICAM-1 dependent endothelial adhesiveness to monocytes via the osmotic-related redox-dependent interleukin-6 pathways. GBE reduced high-glucose-induced endothelial inflammation mainly by inhibiting interleukin-6 activation. Future study is indicated to validate the antioxidant/anti-inflammatory strategy targeting on interleukin-6 for endothelial protection in in vivo and clinical hyperglycemia. ? 2012 Chen et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
SDGs
Other Subjects
acetylcysteine; cell adhesion molecule; cerenin; cytokine; fludarabine; Ginkgo biloba extract; glucose; intercellular adhesion molecule 1; intercellular adhesion molecule 1 antibody; interleukin 6; interleukin 6 antibody; mannitol; piceatannol; reactive oxygen metabolite; STAT1 protein; STAT3 protein; unclassified drug; antiinflammatory activity; antioxidant activity; aorta; aortic endothelial cell; article; cell adhesion; cell culture; cell viability; controlled study; cytokine production; cytokine release; cytotoxicity; drug efficacy; endothelial dysfunction; endothelial inflammation; endothelium cell; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; Ginkgo biloba; glucose blood level; growth inhibition; human; human cell; hyperglycemia; inflammation; monocyte; osmosis; oxidation reduction state; protein expression; protein localization; protein synthesis; signal transduction; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Cell Adhesion; Cells, Cultured; Coculture Techniques; Endothelial Cells; Ginkgo biloba; Glucose; Humans; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Interleukin-6; Mannitol; Monocytes; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Plant Extracts; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; STAT1 Transcription Factor; STAT3 Transcription Factor; Time Factors
Type
journal article